QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation

Summary: QueryFormer, a tree-structured Transformer, encodes query plans, addressing long information paths and parent-child dependencies. It integrates histogram statistics into plan encoding and yields improvements across four ML-based optimization tasks. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 12669
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2022
Pagerank: 7.4498425e-05
Overall Rank: 3,169 | 77.96%
DOI: 10.14778/3529337.3529349

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 38 of 38 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
3,472	LLM-R2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency	2025	VLDB	7.0639229e-05
6,328	A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies	2024	VLDB	5.1082882e-05
6,383	Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning	2024	VLDB	5.0884322e-05
6,685	How Good are Learned Cost Models, Really? Insights from Query Optimization Tasks	2025	SIGMOD	4.9627485e-05
6,750	Breaking It Down: An In-depth Study of Index Advisors	2024	VLDB	4.9392771e-05
7,035	R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System	2025	VLDB	4.8548467e-05
7,330	Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries	2023	SIGMOD	4.7609373e-05
7,336	Refactoring Index Tuning Process with Benefit Estimation	2024	VLDB	4.7599411e-05
7,753	Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch?	2023	SIGMOD	4.660151e-05
7,989	RCRank: Multimodal Ranking of Root Causes of Slow Queries in Cloud Database Systems	2025	VLDB	4.6124681e-05
8,020	The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions	2024	VLDB	4.6040862e-05
8,186	E2ETune: End-to-End Knob Tuning via Fine-tuned Generative Language Model	2025	VLDB	4.5651684e-05
8,659	Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization	2025	SIGMOD	4.4722928e-05
8,956	T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees	2025	SIGMOD	4.4214154e-05
9,402	CAFE: Towards Compact, Adaptive, and Fast Embedding for Large-scale Recommendation Models	2024	SIGMOD	4.3441378e-05
9,408	Experimental Analysis of Large-scale Learnable Vector Storage Compression	2024	VLDB	4.3441378e-05
9,485	Spatial Query Optimization With Learning	2024	VLDB	4.3341665e-05
9,930	Wii: Dynamic Budget Reallocation In Index Tuning	2024	SIGMOD	4.2510122e-05
9,983	Does A Fish Need a Bicycle? The Case for On-Chip NPUs in DBMS	2026	CIDR	4.1945683e-05
10,018	GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,032	Rainbow: Risk-aware Index Benefit Estimation Facing Out Of Distribution Workloads	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,047	AgentTune: An Agent-Based Large Language Model Framework for Database Knob Tuning	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,050	APQO: An Adaptive Framework for Parametric Query Optimization	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,125	Understanding and Detecting Query Performance Regression in Practical Index Tuning: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,156	Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,203	Reqo: A Comprehensive Learning-Based Cost Model for Robust and Explainable Query Optimization	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,217	This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch!	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,225	LIO: A lightweight and interpretable query optimizer based on an evolutionary forest	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,271	OBELISK: Efficient Offline Query Planning with Bayesian Optimization-Informed Language Model Reasoning	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,288	TATA: An Efficient Framework for Task Transfer in Query Plan Representation	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,328	Libra: One-Shot Parameter Sensitivity Estimation for Transfer Learning in Database Performance Prediction	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,543	Esc: An Early-Stopping Checker for Budget-aware Index Tuning	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,633	AQETuner: Reliable Query-level Configuration Tuning for Analytical Query Engines	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,726	Improving DBMS Scheduling Decisions with Accurate Performance Prediction on Concurrent Queries	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,840	Learned Cost Models for Query Optimization: From Batch to Streaming Systems	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,859	Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,868	LEAP: A Low-cost Spark SQL Query Optimizer using Pairwise Comparison	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,880	RankPQO: Learning-to-Rank for Parametric Query Optimization	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
71	How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really?	2016	VLDB	0.00059038975
204	Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning	2019	CIDR	0.00034784455
258	DB2 Design Advisor: Integrated Automatic Physical Database Design	2004	VLDB	0.0003022091
333	Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer	2019	VLDB	0.00027206884
496	Automatic SQL Tuning in Oracle 10g	2004	VLDB	0.00021728655
629	Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors	2009	VLDB	0.00018942366
640	Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical	2021	SIGMOD	0.00018759152
659	The Making of TPC-DS	2006	VLDB	0.00018500853
806	An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator	2020	VLDB	0.00016434274
842	Independence is Good: Dependency-Based Histogram Synopses for High-Dimensional Data	2001	SIGMOD	0.00016031973
884	Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction	2019	VLDB	0.00015654004
1,120	Global Optimization of Histograms	2001	SIGMOD	0.00013856211
1,737	QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models	2020	SIGMOD	0.00010720294
1,855	AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations	2019	SIGMOD	0.00010315245
1,981	Improved Selectivity Estimation by Combining Knowledge from Sampling and Synopses	2018	VLDB	9.8687545e-05
2,020	Magic mirror in my hand, which is the best in the land? An Experimental Evaluation of Index Selection Algorithms	2020	VLDB	9.762624e-05
3,625	Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings	2020	SIGMOD	6.9055212e-05
4,359	Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning	2021	VLDB	6.2569955e-05
4,804	Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload	2021	SIGMOD	5.910467e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,038	Weighted Hypertree Decompositions and Optimal Query Plans	2004	PODS	0.00014492414
9,120	Deep Query Optimization	2019	SIGMOD	4.392741e-05
1,611	Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics	2020	SIGMOD	0.00011147324
3,658	Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning	2019	CIDR	6.8704209e-05
806	An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator	2020	VLDB	0.00016434274
884	Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction	2019	VLDB	0.00015654004
5,637	Database Workload Characterization with Query Plan Encoders	2022	VLDB	5.3979505e-05
4,661	PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding	2022	SIGMOD	6.0137947e-05
6,328	A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies	2024	VLDB	5.1082882e-05
10,859	Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05