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QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation

Summary: QueryFormer, a tree-structured Transformer, encodes query plans, addressing long information paths and parent-child dependencies. It integrates histogram statistics into plan encoding and yields improvements across four ML-based optimization tasks. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12670
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
7.4561078e-05
Overall Rank
3,167 | 78.00%
DOI
10.14778/3529337.3529349

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 38 of 38 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,465 LLM-R2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency 2025 VLDB 7.0668293e-05
6,328 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 5.1034426e-05
6,382 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 5.0835686e-05
6,687 How Good are Learned Cost Models, Really? Insights from Query Optimization Tasks 2025 SIGMOD 4.957987e-05
6,753 Breaking It Down: An In-depth Study of Index Advisors 2024 VLDB 4.9345582e-05
7,030 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 4.8518029e-05
7,326 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 4.7563708e-05
7,332 Refactoring Index Tuning Process with Benefit Estimation 2024 VLDB 4.7553758e-05
7,676 E2ETune: End-to-End Knob Tuning via Fine-tuned Generative Language Model 2025 VLDB 4.6770108e-05
7,742 Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch? 2023 SIGMOD 4.6585812e-05
7,993 RCRank: Multimodal Ranking of Root Causes of Slow Queries in Cloud Database Systems 2025 VLDB 4.6080455e-05
8,003 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 4.6049527e-05
8,660 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 4.4680058e-05
8,961 T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.4171776e-05
9,408 CAFE: Towards Compact, Adaptive, and Fast Embedding for Large-scale Recommendation Models 2024 SIGMOD 4.3399748e-05
9,414 Experimental Analysis of Large-scale Learnable Vector Storage Compression 2024 VLDB 4.3399748e-05
9,487 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 4.3300131e-05
9,931 Wii: Dynamic Budget Reallocation In Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 4.2469394e-05
9,982 Does A Fish Need a Bicycle? The Case for On-Chip NPUs in DBMS 2026 CIDR 4.1905499e-05
10,018 GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,032 Rainbow: Risk-aware Index Benefit Estimation Facing Out Of Distribution Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,047 AgentTune: An Agent-Based Large Language Model Framework for Database Knob Tuning 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,050 APQO: An Adaptive Framework for Parametric Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,125 Understanding and Detecting Query Performance Regression in Practical Index Tuning: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,156 Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,203 Reqo: A Comprehensive Learning-Based Cost Model for Robust and Explainable Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,217 This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch! 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,225 LIO: A lightweight and interpretable query optimizer based on an evolutionary forest 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,271 OBELISK: Efficient Offline Query Planning with Bayesian Optimization-Informed Language Model Reasoning 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,300 TATA: An Efficient Framework for Task Transfer in Query Plan Representation 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,340 Libra: One-Shot Parameter Sensitivity Estimation for Transfer Learning in Database Performance Prediction 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,552 Esc: An Early-Stopping Checker for Budget-aware Index Tuning 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,641 AQETuner: Reliable Query-level Configuration Tuning for Analytical Query Engines 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,733 Improving DBMS Scheduling Decisions with Accurate Performance Prediction on Concurrent Queries 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,844 Learned Cost Models for Query Optimization: From Batch to Streaming Systems 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,863 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,872 LEAP: A Low-cost Spark SQL Query Optimizer using Pairwise Comparison 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,884 RankPQO: Learning-to-Rank for Parametric Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
71 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059446482
203 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00034868567
258 DB2 Design Advisor: Integrated Automatic Physical Database Design 2004 VLDB 0.00030196528
329 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027301488
495 Automatic SQL Tuning in Oracle 10g 2004 VLDB 0.00021712703
627 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00018959896
634 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00018844568
659 The Making of TPC-DS 2006 VLDB 0.00018514913
804 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001643674
838 Independence is Good: Dependency-Based Histogram Synopses for High-Dimensional Data 2001 SIGMOD 0.00016024923
876 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00015660534
1,116 Global Optimization of Histograms 2001 SIGMOD 0.00013863484
1,727 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010731889
1,856 AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010319105
1,978 Improved Selectivity Estimation by Combining Knowledge from Sampling and Synopses 2018 VLDB 9.8764627e-05
2,022 Magic mirror in my hand, which is the best in the land? An Experimental Evaluation of Index Selection Algorithms 2020 VLDB 9.7623022e-05
3,623 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 6.9017341e-05
4,352 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 6.2542257e-05
4,800 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 5.9077188e-05
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1,039 Weighted Hypertree Decompositions and Optimal Query Plans 2004 PODS 0.00014488271
9,117 Deep Query Optimization 2019 SIGMOD 4.3885415e-05
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804 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001643674
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6,328 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 5.1034426e-05
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