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Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values

Summary: Proposes a supervised-learning NDV estimator, replacing heuristic sample methods with a data-driven model. Trains on synthetic data for workload-agnostic deployment as a UDF, outperforming existing estimators on nine real datasets; code available. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12759
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
4.6965039e-05
Overall Rank
7,610 | 47.06%
DOI
10.14778/3489496.3489508

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,885 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 4.895386e-05
7,221 Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation 2023 SIGMOD 4.797194e-05
7,854 dbET: Execution Time Distribution-based Plan Selection 2023 SIGMOD 4.6350172e-05
8,834 ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 4.4394021e-05
8,835 Learning-based Property Estimation with Polynomials 2024 SIGMOD 4.4394021e-05
9,409 Ground Truth Inference for Weakly Supervised Entity Matching 2023 SIGMOD 4.3441378e-05
9,825 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 4.2751057e-05
10,498 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,534 AdaNDV: Adaptive Number of Distinct Value Estimation via Learning to Select and Fuse Estimators 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
59 Sampling-Based Estimation of the Number of Distinct Values of an Attribute 1995 VLDB 0.00064501896
204 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00034784455
378 Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values 2000 PODS 0.0002497492
608 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00019235898
1,254 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00013027411
1,574 Approximate Query Processing: No Silver Bullet 2017 SIGMOD 0.00011287495
1,683 Cardinality Estimation: An Experimental Survey 2018 VLDB 0.00010922679
1,703 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010836769
2,762 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.1585394e-05
2,841 Selectivity Estimation in Extensible Databases - A Neural Network Approach 1998 VLDB 8.0287389e-05
2,969 Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models 2017 VLDB 7.7974762e-05
3,954 Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models 2020 VLDB 6.5926838e-05
6,244 Approximate Distinct Counts for Billions of Datasets 2019 SIGMOD 5.139669e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,434 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.1929999e-05
2,364 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 8.9554751e-05
10,498 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
3,266 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 7.3074684e-05
59 Sampling-Based Estimation of the Number of Distinct Values of an Attribute 1995 VLDB 0.00064501896
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378 Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values 2000 PODS 0.0002497492
3,449 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 7.0824319e-05
8,835 Learning-based Property Estimation with Polynomials 2024 SIGMOD 4.4394021e-05
10,534 AdaNDV: Adaptive Number of Distinct Value Estimation via Learning to Select and Fuse Estimators 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05