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Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values

Summary: Proposes a supervised-learning NDV estimator, replacing heuristic sample methods with a data-driven model. Trains on synthetic data for workload-agnostic deployment as a UDF, outperforming existing estimators on nine real datasets; code available. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12760
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
4.6920008e-05
Overall Rank
7,611 | 47.11%
DOI
10.14778/3489496.3489508

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,883 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 4.8918682e-05
7,220 Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation 2023 SIGMOD 4.7926382e-05
7,854 dbET: Execution Time Distribution-based Plan Selection 2023 SIGMOD 4.6306186e-05
8,834 ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 4.4351469e-05
8,835 Learning-based Property Estimation with Polynomials 2024 SIGMOD 4.4351469e-05
9,415 Ground Truth Inference for Weakly Supervised Entity Matching 2023 SIGMOD 4.3399748e-05
9,824 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 4.2710095e-05
10,507 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,543 AdaNDV: Adaptive Number of Distinct Value Estimation via Learning to Select and Fuse Estimators 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
60 Sampling-Based Estimation of the Number of Distinct Values of an Attribute 1995 VLDB 0.00064450997
203 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00034868567
380 Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values 2000 PODS 0.00024943236
606 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00019251186
1,239 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00013091459
1,574 Approximate Query Processing: No Silver Bullet 2017 SIGMOD 0.00011289028
1,683 Cardinality Estimation: An Experimental Survey 2018 VLDB 0.0001091276
1,699 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010848882
2,769 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.1512848e-05
2,844 Selectivity Estimation in Extensible Databases - A Neural Network Approach 1998 VLDB 8.0308994e-05
2,971 Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models 2017 VLDB 7.7935535e-05
3,955 Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models 2020 VLDB 6.5895015e-05
6,243 Approximate Distinct Counts for Billions of Datasets 2019 SIGMOD 5.1348218e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,431 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.1870601e-05
2,364 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 8.955077e-05
10,507 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
3,269 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 7.3026051e-05
60 Sampling-Based Estimation of the Number of Distinct Values of an Attribute 1995 VLDB 0.00064450997
1,699 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010848882
380 Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values 2000 PODS 0.00024943236
3,455 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 7.0760196e-05
8,835 Learning-based Property Estimation with Polynomials 2024 SIGMOD 4.4351469e-05
10,543 AdaNDV: Adaptive Number of Distinct Value Estimation via Learning to Select and Fuse Estimators 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05