PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery

Summary: PLIN adapts learned indexes to NVM by redesigning node layout and placement—locally unordered but globally ordered leaves, model-copying, and hierarchical insertions to minimize NVM block misses and speed updates. NVM-only design with optimistic concurrency yields ~2.08x insert, ~4.42x query speedups over prior NVM indices and ~30 μs instant recovery. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 13092
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2023
Pagerank: 5.4158958e-05
Overall Rank: 5,601 | 61.08%
DOI: 10.14778/3565816.3565826

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5,072	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7121108e-05
5,769	Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter	2024	VLDB	5.3326049e-05
7,040	NVM: Is it Not Very Meaningful for Databases?	2023	VLDB	4.8493186e-05
7,152	Bf-Tree: A Modern Read-Write-Optimized Concurrent Larger-Than-Memory Range Index	2024	VLDB	4.8126591e-05
7,389	Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk	2024	SIGMOD	4.7386163e-05
8,079	Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training	2024	VLDB	4.5873372e-05
8,668	Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes	2024	VLDB	4.4671214e-05
8,954	Unlocking the Potential of CXL for Disaggregated Memory in Cloud-Native Databases	2025	SIGMOD	4.4189512e-05
9,745	Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective?	2025	VLDB	4.2856385e-05
10,038	Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,257	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
10,719	DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees	2025	VLDB	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
101	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049778866
643	FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory	2016	SIGMOD	0.00018733394
687	Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory	2011	CIDR	0.00018097447
809	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00016409797
819	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016237497
844	The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds	2020	VLDB	0.00015964123
1,306	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012674725
1,365	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012379754
1,438	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011965956
2,257	Write-limited sorts and joins for persistent memory	2014	VLDB	9.1808674e-05
2,508	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	8.6251065e-05
2,550	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	8.5569576e-05
2,986	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	7.7757727e-05
3,136	FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems	2022	VLDB	7.4926368e-05
3,365	An Adaptive Packed-Memory Array	2006	PODS	7.1675736e-05
3,945	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	6.605467e-05
4,073	Understanding the Idiosyncrasies of Real Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	6.4717052e-05
4,269	Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads	2021	SIGMOD	6.2950779e-05
4,816	Spitfire: A Three-Tier Buffer Manager for Volatile and Non-Volatile Memory	2021	SIGMOD	5.897817e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
3,341	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes	2020	VLDB	7.1984492e-05
7,097	PIM-tree: A Skew-resistant Index for Processing-in-Memory	2023	VLDB	4.8280402e-05
6,466	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.04625e-05
6,442	Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices	2023	SIGMOD	5.0541252e-05
2,986	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	7.7757727e-05
1,438	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011965956
1,306	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012674725
3,945	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	6.605467e-05
2,508	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	8.6251065e-05
809	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00016409797