FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases

Summary: FILM: a fully learned tree index for larger-than-memory DBs using tiny approximation models to index across memory+disk, reducing in-memory index size by orders of magnitude versus anti-caching. An adaptive LRU piggybacked on queries avoids swap overhead, improving query latency and insertion performance. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 13313
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2023
Pagerank: 5.0378878e-05
Overall Rank: 6,488 | 54.91%
DOI: 10.14778/3570690.3570704

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5,072	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7121108e-05
7,389	Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk	2024	SIGMOD	4.7386163e-05
7,870	SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models	2023	SIGMOD	4.6271153e-05
8,079	Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training	2024	VLDB	4.5873372e-05
8,668	Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes	2024	VLDB	4.4671214e-05
9,351	Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs	2024	SIGMOD	4.3490308e-05
10,038	Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,087	High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,407	VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity	2025	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 22 of 22 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
101	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049778866
486	TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database	2020	VLDB	0.00022039625
606	DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries!	2020	VLDB	0.00019251186
819	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016237497
844	The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds	2020	VLDB	0.00015964123
980	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014868633
1,036	ERMIA: Fast Memory-Optimized Database System for Heterogeneous Workloads	2016	SIGMOD	0.00014515226
1,260	Data Blocks: Hybrid OLTP and OLAP on Compressed Storage using both Vectorization and Compilation	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012990853
1,300	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012711153
1,365	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012379754
1,438	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011965956
1,464	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.0001184772
1,786	Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing: A Survey	2017	SIGMOD	0.00010543881
1,909	BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing	2014	VLDB	0.00010123661
2,075	Trekking Through Siberia: Managing Cold Data in a Memory-Optimized Database	2014	VLDB	9.6115775e-05
2,108	LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data	2020	SIGMOD	9.5283642e-05
2,550	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	8.5569576e-05
2,676	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	8.326321e-05
3,136	FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems	2022	VLDB	7.4926368e-05
3,459	Parallel Replication across Formats in SAP HANA for Scaling Out Mixed OLTP/OLAP Workloads	2017	VLDB	7.0729792e-05
3,764	F1 Lightning: HTAP as a Service	2020	VLDB	6.7762323e-05
6,856	Liquid: Unifying Nearline and Offline Big Data Integration	2015	CIDR	4.901516e-05

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4,056	Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?	2022	VLDB	6.4905689e-05
8,079	Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training	2024	VLDB	4.5873372e-05
1,365	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012379754
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