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Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation

Summary: Systematic benchmark of prompt-engineering components (question representation, example selection/organization) and token-efficiency for LLM-based Text-to-SQL. Proposes DAIL-SQL (86.6% execution on Spider) and evaluates open-source LLMs with supervised fine-tuning, revealing accuracy/efficiency/cost trade-offs. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
13362
Venue
VLDB
Year
2024
Pagerank
0.0002547515
Overall Rank
369 | 97.44%
DOI
10.14778/3641204.3641221

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 48 of 48 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
998 CodeS: Towards Building Open-source Language Models for Text-to-SQL 2024 SIGMOD 0.00014729379
3,662 The Dawn of Natural Language to SQL: Are We Fully Ready? 2024 VLDB 6.8672143e-05
3,859 OpenSearch-SQL: Enhancing Text-to-SQL with Dynamic Few-shot and Consistency Alignment 2025 SIGMOD 6.6907933e-05
3,978 OmniSQL: Synthesizing High-quality Text-to-SQL Data at Scale 2025 VLDB 6.5725884e-05
4,289 GenEdit: Compounding Operators and Continuous Improvement to Tackle Text-to-SQL in the Enterprise 2025 CIDR 6.2885419e-05
4,535 Hybrid Querying Over Relational Databases and Large Language Models 2025 CIDR 6.1049669e-05
4,908 Combining Small Language Models and Large Language Models for Zero-Shot NL2SQL 2024 VLDB 5.8339245e-05
5,023 GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models 2026 SIGMOD 5.75363e-05
5,033 FinSQL: Model-Agnostic LLMs-based Text-to-SQL Framework for Financial Analysis 2024 SIGMOD 5.7486224e-05
5,437 SNAILS: Schema Naming Assessments for Improved LLM-Based SQL Inference 2025 SIGMOD 5.5033018e-05
7,139 Automated Validating and Fixing of Text-to-SQL Translation with Execution Consistency 2025 SIGMOD 4.821174e-05
7,354 Reliable Text-to-SQL with Adaptive Abstention 2025 SIGMOD 4.7529612e-05
8,052 Generating Succinct Descriptions of Database Schemata for Cost-Efficient Prompting of Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 4.5953106e-05
8,520 mLoRA: Fine-Tuning LoRA Adapters via Highly-Efficient Pipeline Parallelism in Multiple GPUs 2025 VLDB 4.4937074e-05
8,736 Unveiling Challenges for LLMs in Enterprise Data Engineering 2026 VLDB 4.456315e-05
8,896 SQL-Factory: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality and Large-Scale SQL Generation 2026 VLDB 4.427232e-05
9,032 Sphinteract: Resolving Ambiguities in NL2SQL Through User Interaction 2025 VLDB 4.4039656e-05
9,151 The Power of Constraints in Natural Language to SQL Translation 2025 VLDB 4.3849295e-05
9,234 Is Long Context All You Need? Leveraging LLM's Extended Context for NL2SQL 2025 VLDB 4.3690661e-05
9,235 ThriftLLM: On Cost-Effective Selection of Large Language Models for Classification Queries 2025 VLDB 4.3690661e-05
9,961 QueryArtisan: Generating Data Manipulation Codes for Ad-hoc Analysis in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 4.2294678e-05
9,995 Text-to-SQL Benchmarks are Broken: An In-Depth Analysis of Annotation Errors 2026 CIDR 4.1945683e-05
10,047 AgentTune: An Agent-Based Large Language Model Framework for Database Knob Tuning 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,051 Are Your LLM-based Text-to-SQL Models Secure? Exploring SQL Injection via Backdoor Attacks 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,069 Drama: Unifying Data Retrieval and Analysis for Open-Domain Analytic Queries 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,099 PLForge: Enhancing Language Models for Natural Language to Procedural Extensions of SQL 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,108 Reliable Answers for Recurring Questions: Boosting Text-to-SQL Accuracy with Template Constrained Decoding 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,112 SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,155 DIVER: A Robust Text-to-SQL System with Dynamic Interactive Value Linking and Evidence Reasoning 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,194 PRISM: Navigating Cost–Accuracy Trade-offs for NL2SQL 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,221 NL2SQLBench: A Modular Benchmarking Framework for LLM-Enabled NL2SQL Solutions 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,242 SQL-Exchange: Transforming SQL Queries Across Domains 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,268 OpenSQL: Data-Efficient Text-to-SQL for Open-Source LLMs via Synthesized Intermediate Supervision 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,320 ELT-Bench: An End-to-End Benchmark for Evaluating AI Agents on ELT Pipelines 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,327 Pervasive Annotation Errors Break Text-to-SQL Benchmarks and Leaderboards 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,433 DataDazzle: Intelligent Data Exploration through Natural Language 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,498 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,503 Self-Enhancing Video Data Management System for Compositional Events with Large Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,595 Optimized Batch Prompting for Cost-effective LLMs 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,620 LEAP: LLM-powered End-to-end Automatic Library for Processing Social Science Queries on Unstructured Data 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,628 CatDB: Data-catalog-guided, LLM-based Generation of Data-centric ML Pipelines 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,658 LLMLog: Advanced Log Template Generation via LLM-driven Multi-Round Annotation 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,693 Evoschema: Towards Text-To-Sql Robustness Against Schema Evolution 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,747 CEDAR: A System for Cost-Efficient Data-Driven Claim Verification 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,752 QUEST: Query Optimization in Unstructured Document Analysis 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,762 ParSEval: Plan-aware Test Database Generation for SQL Equivalence Evaluation 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,784 Towards Automated Cross-domain Exploratory Data Analysis through Large Language Models 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,837 Natural Language to SQL: State of the Art and Open Problems 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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