From FASTER to F2: Evolving Concurrent Key-Value Store Designs for Large Skewed Workloads

Summary: F2 evolves FASTER into a two-tier record-oriented KV store for large skewed, >RAM workloads, separating read-hot/write-hot data with a read-cache and a two-level hash index to cut indexing overhead for cold records. Adds latch-free concurrent log compaction and other concurrency mechanisms, achieving 2–11.9× throughput vs. prior KV stores. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 14095
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2025
Pagerank: 4.1945683e-05
Overall Rank: 10,773 | 25.06%
DOI: 10.14778/3750601.3750615

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Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank

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Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
609	Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store	2017	SIGMOD	0.0001923446
899	Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates	2018	SIGMOD	0.00015509287
982	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014872253
1,311	Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging	2018	SIGMOD	0.00012657439
2,223	SkimpyStash: RAM Space Skimpy Key-Value Store on Flash-based Storage	2011	SIGMOD	9.2568088e-05
2,798	Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree	2021	SIGMOD	8.1080111e-05
2,843	A General-Purpose Counting Filter: Making Every Bit Count	2017	SIGMOD	8.0257314e-05
2,879	Microsoft CEP Server and Online Behavioral Targeting	2009	VLDB	7.9695819e-05
3,544	Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores	2020	SIGMOD	6.9898874e-05
3,736	What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	6.8057888e-05
3,965	Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly	2022	VLDB	6.5820028e-05
4,427	TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage	2023	VLDB	6.1965873e-05
4,945	SplinterDB and Maplets: Improving the Tradeoffs in Key-Value Store Compaction Policy	2023	SIGMOD	5.8157107e-05
6,113	Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions	2022	SIGMOD	5.20426e-05
6,398	Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty	2022	VLDB	5.0819209e-05
6,698	Netherite: Efficient Execution of Serverless Workflows	2022	VLDB	4.9573729e-05
7,563	FASTER: An Embedded Concurrent Key-Value Store for State Management	2018	VLDB	4.7097616e-05
8,183	Two is Better Than One: The Case for 2-Tree for Skewed Data Sets	2023	CIDR	4.5658208e-05
9,498	Memory-Efficient Search Trees for Database Management Systems	2021	SIGMOD	4.3341665e-05

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