The Database Language GEM

Summary: Introduces GEM, a general-purpose query/update language for the DSIS semantic ER data model. Extends QUEL with surrogates, aggregation, generalization, nulls, and set-valued attributes to encode ER semantics in a relational core. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 2286
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 1983
Pagerank: 0.00034759032
Overall Rank: 92 | 99.38%
DOI: 10.1145/582192.582226

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Carlo Zaniolo (AT&T)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zaniolo_sigmod83,
        title = {{The Database Language GEM}},
        author = {Zaniolo, Carlo},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '83},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/582192.582226},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/582192.582226},
        year = {1983}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 39 of 39 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
34	The Design Of Postgres	1986	SIGMOD	0.00049302774
116	Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees	1985	SIGMOD	0.0003221055
119	The EXODUS Optimizer Generator	1987	SIGMOD	0.0003183602
137	Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents: Limitations and Opportunities	1999	VLDB	0.00029877792
403	Querying Object-Oriented Databases	1992	SIGMOD	0.0001907249
583	Global Query Optimization	1986	SIGMOD	0.00016145442
684	A Data Model and Query Language for EXODUS	1988	SIGMOD	0.00014990873
726	Client-Server Paradise	1994	VLDB	0.0001460632
848	The Representation and Deductive Retrieval of Complex Objects	1985	VLDB	0.00013651467
934	Selectivity Estimation and Query Optimization in Large Databases with Highly Skewed Distributions of Column Values	1988	VLDB	0.00013108714
935	Programming Constructs for Database System Implementation in EXODUS	1987	SIGMOD	0.00013100709
1,003	Algebraic Support for Complex Objects with Arrays, Identity, and Inheritance	1991	SIGMOD	0.00012705891
1,099	Quel As A Data Type	1984	SIGMOD	0.0001217465
1,118	The POSTGRES Data Model	1987	VLDB	0.00012104924
1,151	Set Containment Joins: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly	2000	VLDB	0.00011938186
1,228	A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	0.00011579246
1,240	Consistency Analysis in Bloom: a CALM and Collected Approach	2011	CIDR	0.00011536847
1,493	Performance Enhancement Through Replication in an Object-Oriented DBMS	1989	SIGMOD	0.00010581031
1,816	A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures	1988	VLDB	9.6840978e-05
1,841	Query Processing in the ObjectStore Database System	1992	SIGMOD	9.6373789e-05
1,868	Of Objects and Databases: A Decade of Turmoil	1996	VLDB	9.589955e-05
2,037	The Temporal Query Language TQuel	1984	PODS	9.2777184e-05
2,070	A Performance Evaluation of Pointer-Based Joins	1990	SIGMOD	9.2277271e-05
2,912	An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end.	1984	SIGMOD	7.9688007e-05
3,233	Implementation of a Compiler for a Semantic Data Model: Experiences with Taxis	1987	SIGMOD	7.6174587e-05
3,469	Extended User-Defined Indexing with Application to Textual Databases	1988	VLDB	7.3893582e-05
3,986	Type Systems for Querying Class Hierarchies with Non-strict Inheritance.	1989	PODS	6.9736679e-05
4,146	Efficiently Supporting Procedures In Relational Database Systems	1987	SIGMOD	6.8732593e-05
4,828	CQL: A Query Language for Manipulating Object-oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	6.4892476e-05
5,547	Beyond Relations: A Case for Elevating to the Entity-Relationship Abstraction	2025	CIDR	6.1790655e-05
5,627	ARIEL -- A Semantic Front-End to Relational DBMSs	1985	VLDB	6.1437702e-05
6,047	Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data	2007	CIDR	5.9952702e-05
6,317	An Object-Oriented Database System for Engineering Applications	1987	SIGMOD	5.915075e-05
6,324	Access to Objects by Path Expressions and Rules	1994	VLDB	5.9138864e-05
6,779	O-O, What Have They Done to DB2?	1999	VLDB	5.7772333e-05
8,123	Managing Complex Objects in an Extensible Relational DBMS	1989	VLDB	5.4830239e-05
13,126	The C-based Database Programming Language Jasmine/C	1990	VLDB	5.093636e-05
13,146	Concepts for a Database System Compiler	1988	PODS	5.093636e-05
13,180	A Database Design for Musical Information	1987	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
613	Database Relations with Null Values (Extended Abstract)	1982	PODS	0.00015723523
2,912	An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end.	1984	SIGMOD	7.9688007e-05

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#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	13,201	ECRINS/86: An Extended Entity-Relationship Data Base Management System and its Semantic Query Language	1986	VLDB
2	4,828	CQL: A Query Language for Manipulating Object-oriented Databases	1989	VLDB
3	12,657	GeRoMeSuite: A System for Holistic Generic Model Management	2007	VLDB
4	824	The Semantic Data Model: A Modelling Mechanism for Data Base Applications	1978	SIGMOD
5	13,262	An Implementation of a Query Language Supporting Path Expressions	1982	SIGMOD
6	6,243	SIM: A Database System Based on the Semantic Data Model	1988	SIGMOD
7	750	Data Abstraction, Views And Updates In Rigel	1979	SIGMOD
8	147	Making Smalltalk a Database System	1984	SIGMOD
9	5,627	ARIEL -- A Semantic Front-End to Relational DBMSs	1985	VLDB
10	2,912	An Implementation of GEM — supporting a semantic data model on a relational back-end.	1984	SIGMOD