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A Critique of ANSI SQL Isolation Levels

Summary: ANSI SQL-92 isolation levels critiqued: phenomena-based criteria and locking semantics mischaracterize common levels. Investigates ambiguity, formalizes phenomena, introduces new ones, and defines Snapshot Isolation as a central multiversion isolation type. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2783
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1995
Pagerank
0.00083894938
Overall Rank
23 | 99.85%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 134 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
21 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.00086087497
156 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00040504295
176 The Dangers of Replication and a Solution 1996 SIGMOD 0.00038197618
289 High-Performance Concurrency Control Mechanisms for Main-Memory Databases 2012 VLDB 0.00028938503
349 Serializable Isolation for Snapshot Databases 2008 SIGMOD 0.00026440605
419 Fast Serializable Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Main-Memory Database Systems 2015 SIGMOD 0.00023720338
493 A Case for Flash Memory SSD in Enterprise Database Applications 2008 SIGMOD 0.00021837534
590 Lazy Database Replication with Snapshot Isolation 2006 VLDB 0.000195762
720 Building a Database on S3 2008 SIGMOD 0.00017615431
892 Zephyr: Live Migration in Shared Nothing Databases for Elastic Cloud Platforms 2011 SIGMOD 0.00015559876
906 F1: A Distributed SQL Database That Scales 2013 VLDB 0.00015448884
918 Socrates: The New SQL Server in the Cloud 2019 SIGMOD 0.00015350181
957 Serializable Snapshot Isolation in PostgreSQL 2012 VLDB 0.00015048214
1,036 ERMIA: Fast Memory-Optimized Database System for Heterogeneous Workloads 2016 SIGMOD 0.0001452166
1,053 A Common Database Approach for OLTP and OLAP Using an In-Memory Column Database 2009 SIGMOD 0.00014429683
1,133 Unbundling Transaction Services in the Cloud 2009 CIDR 0.00013771132
1,217 Rethinking serializable multiversion concurrency control 2015 VLDB 0.0001323177
1,284 Amazon Redshift Re-invented 2022 SIGMOD 0.00012837822
1,419 Highly Available Transactions: Virtues and Limitations 2014 VLDB 0.00012079793
1,426 LiveGraph: A Transactional Graph Storage System with Purely Sequential Adjacency List Scans 2020 VLDB 0.00012050977
1,432 An Empirical Evaluation of In-Memory Multi-Version Concurrency Control 2017 VLDB 0.00012017544
1,439 Consistency Rationing in the Cloud: Pay only when it matters 2009 VLDB 0.00011964135
1,521 High Performance Transactions via Early Write Visibility 2017 VLDB 0.00011532045
1,604 Middleware-based Database Replication: The Gaps Between Theory and Practice 2008 SIGMOD 0.00011195975
1,632 Cloudburst: Stateful Functions-as-a-Service 2020 VLDB 0.0001107213
1,685 Fast Iterative Graph Computation with Block Updates 2013 VLDB 0.0001091808
1,692 Mostly-Optimistic Concurrency Control for Highly Contended Dynamic Workloads on a Thousand Cores 2017 VLDB 0.00010901611
1,744 On-Line Warehouse View Maintenance 1997 SIGMOD 0.00010702657
1,749 Middleware based Data Replication providing Snapshot Isolation 2005 SIGMOD 0.00010684686
1,819 The End of a Myth: Distributed Transactions Can Scale 2017 VLDB 0.00010429773
1,949 Positional Update Handling in Column Stores 2010 SIGMOD 9.9864085e-05
1,957 On the Design and Scalability of Distributed Shared-Data Databases 2015 SIGMOD 9.9598319e-05
1,975 Blockchain Meets Database: Design and Implementation of a Blockchain Relational Database 2019 VLDB 9.8844759e-05
1,994 ACIDRain: Concurrency-Related Attacks on Database-Backed Web Applications 2017 SIGMOD 9.842936e-05
2,022 Lazy Maintenance of Materialized Views 2007 VLDB 9.754634e-05
2,133 Automating the Detection of Snapshot Isolation Anomalies 2007 VLDB 9.4752131e-05
2,289 Veritas: Shared Verifiable Databases and Tables in the Cloud 2019 CIDR 9.0946871e-05
2,354 An Integrated Approach to Recovery and High Availability in an Updatable, Distributed Data Warehouse 2006 VLDB 8.9685256e-05
2,372 Predictable Performance for Unpredictable Workloads 2009 VLDB 8.947963e-05
2,430 Decibel: The Relational Dataset Branching System 2016 VLDB 8.8330417e-05
2,532 A Transactional Perspective on Execute-order-validate Blockchains 2020 SIGMOD 8.5900158e-05
2,648 Allocating Isolation Levels to Transactions 2005 PODS 8.3731376e-05
2,689 LogBase: A Scalable Log-structured Database System in the Cloud 2012 VLDB 8.2942515e-05
2,834 Low-Latency Multi-Datacenter Databases using Replicated Commit 2013 VLDB 8.0458206e-05
2,912 TurboFlux: A Fast Continuous Subgraph Matching System for Streaming Graph Data 2018 SIGMOD 7.9130459e-05
3,066 HAWQ: A Massively Parallel Processing SQL Engine in Hadoop 2014 SIGMOD 7.6221974e-05
3,134 Transaction Time Indexing with Version Compression 2008 VLDB 7.4967274e-05
3,488 Optimal Column Layout for Hybrid Workloads 2019 VLDB 7.0479329e-05
3,856 Bit-Sliced Index Arithmetic 2001 SIGMOD 6.6942616e-05
4,034 TARDiS: A Branch-and-Merge Approach To Weak Consistency 2016 SIGMOD 6.5094325e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
26 The Design Of The Postgres Storage System 1987 VLDB 0.00082378685
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