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BIRCH: An Efficient Data Clustering Method for Very Large Databases

Summary: BIRCH offers incremental, memory-efficient clustering for very large databases; first DB clustering method to effectively handle noise. Shows strong time/space efficiency and single-scan quality; outperforms CLARANS on large datasets. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2937
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1996
Pagerank
0.00050347119
Overall Rank
31 | 99.79%
DOI
10.1145/233269.233324

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zhang_sigmod96,
        title = {{BIRCH: An Efficient Data Clustering Method for Very Large Databases}},
        author = {Zhang, Tian and Ramakrishnan, Raghu and Livny, Miron},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '96},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/233269.233324},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/233269.233324},
        year = {1996}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 34 of 84 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,956 A New Sparse Data Clustering Method Based On Frequent Items 2023 SIGMOD 5.7303405e-05
7,023 C2P: Clustering based on Closest Pairs 2001 VLDB 5.7242118e-05
7,210 A Framework for Measuring Changes in Data Characteristics 1999 PODS 5.6720634e-05
7,291 Incremental and Effective Data Summarization for Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering 2004 SIGMOD 5.6539603e-05
7,501 TableDC: Deep Clustering for Tabular Data 2025 SIGMOD 5.6029996e-05
7,602 Clustering Objects on a Spatial Network 2004 SIGMOD 5.5866563e-05
7,695 A Shared Execution Strategy for Multiple Pattern Mining Requests over Streaming Data 2009 VLDB 5.5661355e-05
7,912 Data Stream Clustering: An In-depth Empirical Study 2023 SIGMOD 5.5181056e-05
8,678 Building Statistical Models and Scoring with UDFs 2007 SIGMOD 5.3864318e-05
8,722 Machine Learning Meets Big Spatial Data 2019 VLDB 5.3769871e-05
8,881 Summarization and Matching of Density-Based Clusters in Streaming Environments 2012 VLDB 5.3520513e-05
8,996 High Performance Stream Query Processing With Correlation-Aware Partitioning 2014 VLDB 5.3357805e-05
9,013 Data Bubbles: Quality Preserving Performance Boosting for Hierarchical Clustering 2001 SIGMOD 5.3321448e-05
9,271 MAIDS: Mining Alarming Incidents from Data Streams 2004 SIGMOD 5.2945481e-05
9,272 A Framework for Projected Clustering of High Dimensional Data Streams 2004 VLDB 5.2945481e-05
9,710 DataLens: Making a Good First Impression 2009 SIGMOD 5.2343812e-05
9,751 CloudVista: Interactive and Economical Visual Cluster Analysis for Big Data in the Cloud 2012 VLDB 5.227679e-05
9,952 Distance-Based Outlier Detection: Consolidation and Renewed Bearing 2010 VLDB 5.191171e-05
10,607 CLaP - State Detection from Time Series 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,825 Explaining Black-Box Clustering Pipelines With Cluster-Explorer 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,878 Evaluating Methods for Efficient Entity Count Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,961 BURST: Rendering Clustering Techniques Suitable for Evolving Streams 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,163 Efficient High-Quality Clustering for Large Bipartite Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,184 Settling Time vs. Accuracy Tradeoffs for Clustering Big Data 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
12,140 AIDE: An Automatic User Navigation System for Interactive Data Exploration 2015 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,672 On Dominating Your Neighborhood Profitably 2007 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,764 k-Means Projective Clustering 2004 PODS 5.093636e-05
12,766 Cost-Based Labeling of Groups of Mass Spectra 2004 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
12,806 Capacity Bound-free Web Warehouse 2003 CIDR 5.093636e-05
12,815 A Shrinking-Based Approach for Multi-Dimensional Data Analysis 2003 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,816 Data Bubbles for Non-Vector Data: Speeding-up Hierarchical Clustering in Arbitrary Metric Spaces 2003 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,891 INSITE: A Tool for Real-Time Knowledge Discovery from Users Web Navigation 2000 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,960 DEVise: Integrated Querying and Visual Exploration of Large Datasets (DEMO ABSTRACT) 1997 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
12,963 GeoMiner: A System Prototype for Spatial Data Mining 1997 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
88 Efficient and Effective Clustering Methods for Spatial Data Mining 1994 VLDB 0.00035240327
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