FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory

Summary: FPTree is a hybrid SCM-DRAM persistent B+-Tree with leaves in SCM and inner nodes in DRAM (rebuilt on recovery). It uses fingerprinting to cap in-leaf probes and a partial HTM-based concurrency scheme, delivering up to 8.2x speedups and 88-core scalability, with memcached/DB integration. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 5278
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2016
Pagerank: 0.0001821501
Overall Rank: 680 | 95.28%
DOI: 10.1145/2882903.2915251

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 53 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,405	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012174592
1,661	Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems	2018	SIGMOD	0.00010978755
1,888	Dash: Scalable Hashing on Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	0.00010202743
2,510	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	8.6204284e-05
2,992	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	7.7693475e-05
3,085	Viper: An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store	2021	VLDB	7.5993418e-05
3,470	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes	2020	VLDB	7.0655357e-05
3,592	Query Fresh: Log Shipping on Steroids	2018	VLDB	6.9406675e-05
3,939	How to Build a Non-Volatile Memory Database Management System	2017	SIGMOD	6.6155594e-05
4,084	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	6.4622113e-05
4,281	Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads	2021	SIGMOD	6.2940039e-05
4,578	SAP HANA Adoption of Non-Volatile Memory	2017	VLDB	6.0708028e-05
4,903	Persistent Memory Hash Indexes: An Experimental Evaluation	2021	VLDB	5.8399968e-05
5,143	Memory Management Techniques for Large-Scale Persistent-Main-Memory Systems	2017	VLDB	5.6657259e-05
5,374	Rethinking Logging, Checkpoints, and Recovery for High-Performance Storage Engines	2020	SIGMOD	5.5424901e-05
5,448	Enabling Low Tail Latency on Multicore Key-Value Stores	2020	VLDB	5.501371e-05
5,592	PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery	2023	VLDB	5.4210633e-05
6,142	SSDs Striking Back: The Storage Jungle and Its Implications on Persistent Indexes	2022	CIDR	5.1890295e-05
6,229	When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories	2023	SIGMOD	5.1463389e-05
6,247	Optimizing In-memory Database Engine for AI-powered On-line Decision Augmentation Using Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	5.1389201e-05
6,316	HydraList: A Scalable In-Memory Index Using Asynchronous Updates and Partial Replication	2020	VLDB	5.1141977e-05
6,472	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.0510585e-05
6,574	Robust Performance of Main Memory Data Structures by Configuration	2020	SIGMOD	5.0055505e-05
6,785	Halo: A Hybrid PMem-DRAM Persistent Hash Index with Fast Recovery	2022	SIGMOD	4.9260601e-05
6,998	PetPS: Supporting Huge Embedding Models with Persistent Memory	2023	VLDB	4.8676312e-05
7,024	Plush: A Write-Optimized Persistent Log-Structured Hash-Table	2022	VLDB	4.8575128e-05
7,036	X-SSD: A Storage System with Native Support for Database Logging and Replication	2022	SIGMOD	4.8548161e-05
7,080	Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory	2021	VLDB	4.8417653e-05
7,106	Revisiting the Design of LSM-tree Based OLTP Storage Engine with Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	4.8300429e-05
7,137	AHEAD: Adaptable Data Hardening for On-the-Fly Hardware Error Detection during Database Query Processing	2018	SIGMOD	4.8217393e-05
7,630	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two	2022	VLDB	4.6923637e-05
7,873	PiBench Online: Interactive Benchmarking of Persistent Memory Indexes	2020	VLDB	4.6305331e-05
8,119	DecLog: Decentralized Logging in Non-Volatile Memory for Time Series Database Systems	2024	VLDB	4.5809563e-05
8,219	Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index	2023	SIGMOD	4.5565914e-05
8,482	Cost Modelling for Optimal Data Placement in Heterogeneous Main Memory	2022	VLDB	4.5010191e-05
8,831	Hamming Tree: The Case for Energy-Aware Indexing for NVMs	2023	SIGMOD	4.4402596e-05
8,984	The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	4.4157721e-05
9,101	PerMA-Bench: Benchmarking Persistent Memory Access	2022	VLDB	4.3958463e-05
9,102	Tair-PMem: A Fully Durable Non-Volatile Memory Database	2022	VLDB	4.3958463e-05
9,229	H-Rocks: CPU-GPU accelerated Heterogeneous RocksDB on Persistent Memory	2025	SIGMOD	4.3690661e-05
9,276	Extending the Lifetime of NVM: Challenges and Opportunities	2021	VLDB	4.3641144e-05
9,362	FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage	2024	VLDB	4.3503444e-05
9,363	BonsaiKV: Towards Fast, Scalable, and Persistent Key-Value Stores with Tiered, Heterogeneous Memory System	2024	VLDB	4.3503444e-05
9,418	Data Structure Engineering For Byte-Addressable Non-Volatile Memory	2017	SIGMOD	4.3441378e-05
9,454	OptiQL: Robust Optimistic Locking for Memory-Optimized Indexes	2023	SIGMOD	4.3391522e-05
10,048	Analysis and Evaluation of Using Microsecond-Latency Memory for In-Memory Indices and Caches in SSD-Based Key-Value Stores	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,151	DART: A Lock-free Two-layer Hashed ART Index for Disaggregated Memory	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,257	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,368	B-Trees Are Back: Engineering Fast and Pageable Node Layouts	2025	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,562	FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
103	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00049150032
576	Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory	2011	CIDR	0.00019865648
763	FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM	2015	SIGMOD	0.00017025851
792	Scalable Logging through Emerging Non-Volatile Memory	2014	VLDB	0.0001661112
819	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00016298164
952	Let’s Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems	2015	SIGMOD	0.00015103873
1,004	Storage Management in the NVRAM Era	2014	VLDB	0.00014695628
2,451	Write-limited sorts and joins for persistent memory	2014	VLDB	8.7856313e-05
2,646	REWIND: Recovery Write-Ahead System for In-Memory Non-Volatile Data-Structures	2015	VLDB	8.3829289e-05
3,075	Instant Recovery for Main-Memory Databases	2015	CIDR	7.6108216e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
6,460	Toward a Better Understanding and Evaluation of Tree Structures on Flash SSDs	2021	VLDB	5.0554178e-05
7,481	Buffered Persistence in B+ Trees	2024	SIGMOD	4.7180617e-05
2,510	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	8.6204284e-05
7,995	BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees	2023	VLDB	4.6109825e-05
10,368	B-Trees Are Back: Engineering Fast and Pageable Node Layouts	2025	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
5,143	Memory Management Techniques for Large-Scale Persistent-Main-Memory Systems	2017	VLDB	5.6657259e-05
6,472	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.0510585e-05
2,992	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	7.7693475e-05
10,562	FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
819	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00016298164