Spanner: Becoming a SQL System

Summary: Spanner evolves from a systems OSDI paper to a SQL-enabled distributed DB. It enables resharding-aware query execution, transient-failure restarts, range-extraction for routing/index seeks, blockwise-columnar storage, and migration to a Google SQL dialect. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 5351
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2017
Pagerank: 0.00014638696
Overall Rank: 1,015 | 92.95%
DOI: 10.1145/3035918.3056103

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 31 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
390	CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database	2020	SIGMOD	0.00024607299
1,610	MyRocks: LSM-Tree Database Storage Engine Serving Facebook's Social Graph	2020	VLDB	0.00011148094
1,984	Amazon Aurora: On Avoiding Distributed Consensus for I/Os, Commits, and Membership Changes	2018	SIGMOD	9.8607096e-05
2,062	Dremel: A Decade of Interactive SQL Analysis at Web Scale	2020	VLDB	9.6481955e-05
2,919	RaSQL: Greater Power and Performance for Big Data Analytics with Recursive-aggregate-SQL on Spark	2019	SIGMOD	7.9047279e-05
3,355	F1 Query: Declarative Querying at Scale	2018	VLDB	7.1829142e-05
3,628	OceanBase: A 707 Million tpmC Distributed Relational Database System	2022	VLDB	6.9031596e-05
3,768	F1 Lightning: HTAP as a Service	2020	VLDB	6.7782774e-05
3,789	DIAMetrics: Benchmarking Query Engines at Scale	2020	VLDB	6.7644737e-05
4,601	Causal Consistency and Latency Optimality: Friend or Foe?	2018	VLDB	6.0572606e-05
5,012	SQL Has Problems. We Can Fix Them: Pipe Syntax In SQL	2024	VLDB	5.7599595e-05
6,388	Optimizing Data-intensive Systems in Disaggregated Data Centers with TELEPORT	2022	SIGMOD	5.0851841e-05
6,402	BigLake: BigQuery’s Evolution toward a Multi-Cloud Lakehouse	2024	SIGMOD	5.079818e-05
6,658	Scalable Querying of Nested Data	2021	VLDB	4.9711629e-05
7,092	CompuCache: Remote Computable Caching using Spot VMs	2022	CIDR	4.8370308e-05
7,296	Multi-Tenant Cloud Data Services: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Opportunities	2022	SIGMOD	4.7723197e-05
7,665	FoundationDB Record Layer: A Multi-Tenant Structured Datastore	2019	SIGMOD	4.6846408e-05
8,582	Towards Query Optimizer as a Service (QOaaS) in a Unified LakeHouse Ecosystem: Can One QO Rule Them All?	2025	CIDR	4.492033e-05
9,071	Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space	2024	SIGMOD	4.4025274e-05
9,330	Parallel Query Processing: To Separate Communication from Computation	2022	SIGMOD	4.3556432e-05
9,958	OceanBase Paetica: A Hybrid Shared-nothing/Shared-everything Database for Supporting Single Machine and Distributed Cluster	2023	VLDB	4.2364477e-05
9,969	Semantic Data Modeling, Graph Query, and SQL, Together at Last?	2026	CIDR	4.1945683e-05
10,173	Hyra: Scalable Byzantine-Resilient State Storage Engine with Hierarchical Erasure-Coding	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,334	Linear Elastic Caching via Ski Rental	2025	CIDR	4.1945683e-05
10,695	HAWK: A Workload-driven Hierarchical Deadlock Detection Approach in Distributed Database System	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,736	TreeCat: Standalone Catalog Engine for Large Data Systems	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,894	Scalable OLTP in the Cloud: What’s the BIG DEAL? The Database AND the Application Have a BIG DEAL: Their Isolation Semantics	2024	CIDR	4.1945683e-05
11,092	Native Distributed Databases: Problems, Challenges and Opportunities	2024	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
11,450	Efficiently Supporting Adaptive Multi-Level Serializability Models in Distributed Database Systems	2021	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
11,672	Block as a Value for SQL over NoSQL	2019	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
11,689	Performance in the Spotlight	2019	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 3 of 3 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
109	Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets	2010	VLDB	0.00048186983
189	Megastore: Providing Scalable, Highly Available Storage for Interactive Services	2011	CIDR	0.00035925334
890	F1 – The Fault-Tolerant Distributed RDBMS Supporting Google's Ad Business	2012	SIGMOD	0.00015570935

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
12,636	Adaptive Distributed Query Processing	2003	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
390	CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database	2020	SIGMOD	0.00024607299
1,306	Using Paxos to Build a Scalable, Consistent, and Highly Available Datastore	2011	VLDB	0.00012679179
4,670	Napa: Powering Scalable Data Warehousing with Robust Query Performance at Google	2021	VLDB	6.0104466e-05
8,489	ScalarDB: Universal Transaction Manager for Polystores	2023	VLDB	4.4998278e-05
1,957	On the Design and Scalability of Distributed Shared-Data Databases	2015	SIGMOD	9.9598319e-05
3,355	F1 Query: Declarative Querying at Scale	2018	VLDB	7.1829142e-05
2,834	Low-Latency Multi-Datacenter Databases using Replicated Commit	2013	VLDB	8.0458206e-05
890	F1 – The Fault-Tolerant Distributed RDBMS Supporting Google's Ad Business	2012	SIGMOD	0.00015570935
906	F1: A Distributed SQL Database That Scales	2013	VLDB	0.00015448884