A Comparative Study of Secondary Indexing Techniques in LSM-based NoSQL Databases

Summary: Taxonomy of NoSQL secondary indexes: Embedded vs Stand-alone. LevelDB++ implements 5 index types atop LevelDB; empirical study shows no single winner; embedded indexes boost write throughput and space efficiency, stand-alone indexes speed up queries; workload-driven guideline. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 5547
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2018
Pagerank: 5.3968037e-05
Overall Rank: 5,641 | 60.80%
DOI: 10.1145/3183713.3196900

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 11 of 11 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
4,920	On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems	2020	VLDB	5.8262404e-05
5,801	Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores	2022	SIGMOD	5.3217858e-05
5,920	Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems	2021	VLDB	5.2686888e-05
7,623	Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads	2023	SIGMOD	4.6890662e-05
7,743	Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems	2019	VLDB	4.6581858e-05
8,804	ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads	2026	VLDB	4.4424232e-05
9,322	Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example	2025	VLDB	4.351469e-05
9,823	NEXT: A New Secondary Index Framework for LSM-based Data Storage	2025	SIGMOD	4.2710095e-05
9,986	A Multi-tenant Relational OLTP Database at Salesforce	2026	CIDR	4.1905499e-05
10,379	Aster: Enhancing LSM-structures for Scalable Graph Database	2025	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
11,677	Block as a Value for SQL over NoSQL	2019	VLDB	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
568	Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB	2017	CIDR	0.00019932335
1,578	PaxosStore: High-availability Storage Made Practical in WeChat	2017	VLDB	0.00011275654
2,024	Storage Management in AsterixDB	2014	VLDB	9.7528344e-05
3,095	Asynchronous View Maintenance for VLSD Databases	2009	SIGMOD	7.5775325e-05
3,218	Database Replication: a Tale of Research across Communities	2010	VLDB	7.366179e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
6,442	Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices	2023	SIGMOD	5.0541252e-05
4,056	Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?	2022	VLDB	6.4905689e-05
12,303	Secondary Indexing in One Dimension: Beyond B-trees and Bitmap Indexes	2009	PODS	4.1905499e-05
3,797	Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space	2021	VLDB	6.7552936e-05
1,368	SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data	2017	VLDB	0.0001235708
5,072	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7121108e-05
6,789	Index-Accelerated Pattern Matching in Event Stores	2021	SIGMOD	4.9206048e-05
1,438	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011965956
7,743	Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems	2019	VLDB	4.6581858e-05
9,823	NEXT: A New Secondary Index Framework for LSM-based Data Storage	2025	SIGMOD	4.2710095e-05