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Azure SQL Database Always Encrypted

Summary: Always Encrypted provides column-level encryption to outsource admin while keeping data confidential. V1 offered deterministic encryption for equality; V2 adds enclave-based comparisons and pattern matching on IND-CPA encryption, with a TPC-C evaluation. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5901
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.0001164317
Overall Rank
1,503 | 89.55%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3386141

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 24 of 24 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,146 HEDA: Multi-Attribute Unbounded Aggregation over Homomorphically Encrypted Database 2023 VLDB 9.4333516e-05
3,493 FastVer: Making Data Integrity a Commodity 2021 SIGMOD 7.0415601e-05
4,036 Adore: Differentially Oblivious Relational Database Operators 2023 VLDB 6.5089579e-05
4,049 Building Enclave-Native Storage Engines for Practical Encrypted Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4955754e-05
5,784 What Is the Price for Joining Securely? Benchmarking Equi-Joins in Trusted Execution Environments 2022 VLDB 5.328804e-05
6,563 Full Encryption: An end to end encryption mechanism in GaussDB 2021 VLDB 5.0090912e-05
6,663 Data Station: Delegated, Trustworthy, and Auditable Computation to Enable Data-Sharing Consortia with a Data Escrow 2022 VLDB 4.9704093e-05
6,718 Operon: An Encrypted Database for Ownership-Preserving Data Management 2022 VLDB 4.9505599e-05
7,543 Cloud Databases: New Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities 2022 VLDB 4.715241e-05
8,191 Confidential Consortium Framework: Secure Multiparty Applications with Confidentiality, Integrity, and High Availability 2024 VLDB 4.5628732e-05
8,526 SecuDB: An In-enclave Privacy-preserving and Tamper-resistant Relational Database 2024 VLDB 4.4937074e-05
8,529 VeDB: A Software and Hardware Enabled Trusted Relational Database 2023 SIGMOD 4.4937074e-05
8,658 Modernization of Databases in the Cloud Era: Building Databases that Run like Legos 2023 VLDB 4.4729338e-05
8,664 Pantheon: Private Retrieval from Public Key-Value Store 2023 VLDB 4.4721784e-05
8,916 Integrity-based Attacks for Encrypted Databases and Implications 2021 CIDR 4.427232e-05
9,752 VeriTxn: Verifiable Transactions for Cloud-Native Databases with Storage Disaggregation 2023 SIGMOD 4.2897489e-05
9,973 End-to-End Declarative Data Analytics: Co-designing Engines, Interfaces, and Cloud Infrastructure 2026 CIDR 4.1945683e-05
10,186 NSHEDB: Noise-Sensitive Homomorphic Encrypted Database Query Engine 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,228 SACK: Shielding Dynamic Attribute-based Access Control in Persistent Key-Value Stores 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,484 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,544 Jodes: Efficient Oblivious Join in the Distributed Setting 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,032 SWAT: A System-Wide Approach to Tunable Leakage Mitigation in Encrypted Data Stores 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,221 TEE-based General-purpose Computational Backend for Secure Delegated Data Processing 2023 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,237 Cracking-Like Join for Trusted Execution Environments 2023 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 7 of 7 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
118 Executing SQL over Encrypted Data in the Database-Service-Provider Model 2002 SIGMOD 0.00045685662
459 Processing Analytical Queries over Encrypted Data 2013 VLDB 0.00022627746
534 TrustedDB: A Trusted Hardware based Database with Privacy and Data Confidentiality 2011 SIGMOD 0.00020729713
973 Orthogonal Security With Cipherbase 2013 CIDR 0.00014921633
1,906 Arx: An Encrypted Database using Semantically Secure Encryption 2019 VLDB 0.00010137764
3,290 Querying Encrypted Data 2014 SIGMOD 7.2687982e-05
3,374 Constant Time Recovery in Azure SQL Database 2019 VLDB 7.1635315e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,563 Full Encryption: An end to end encryption mechanism in GaussDB 2021 VLDB 5.0090912e-05
1,085 Extreme Scale with Full SQL Language Support in Microsoft SQL Azure 2010 SIGMOD 0.00014163143
5,285 SQL Ledger: Cryptographically Verifiable Data in Azure SQL Database 2021 SIGMOD 5.5843449e-05
2,895 Secure Database-as-a-Service with Cipherbase 2013 SIGMOD 7.9452296e-05
8,916 Integrity-based Attacks for Encrypted Databases and Implications 2021 CIDR 4.427232e-05
5,302 Secure Query Processing with Data Interoperability in a Cloud Database Environment 2014 SIGMOD 5.5786331e-05
8,526 SecuDB: An In-enclave Privacy-preserving and Tamper-resistant Relational Database 2024 VLDB 4.4937074e-05
4,049 Building Enclave-Native Storage Engines for Practical Encrypted Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4955754e-05
118 Executing SQL over Encrypted Data in the Database-Service-Provider Model 2002 SIGMOD 0.00045685662
3,290 Querying Encrypted Data 2014 SIGMOD 7.2687982e-05