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Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores

Summary: Structured, tutorial-like treatment of LSM trees, detailing core operations, access paths, and ingestion/compaction tradeoffs for researchers. Surveys recent optimizations and the design space across ingestion, reads, and queries, offering a roadmap to tune LSM engines and identify open challenges. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6404
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2022
Pagerank
5.3217858e-05
Overall Rank
5,801 | 59.69%
DOI
10.1145/3514221.3522563

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
310 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.0002815547
367 Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing 1998 VLDB 0.00025518228
379 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00024954332
568 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.00019932335
608 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019233548
820 Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LHAM Log-Structured History Data Access Method 1998 VLDB 0.00016232743
844 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00015964123
892 Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates 2018 SIGMOD 0.00015522869
1,169 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013530267
1,309 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00012655712
1,368 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.0001235708
1,437 AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS 2014 VLDB 0.00011973401
1,614 MyRocks: LSM-Tree Database Storage Engine Serving Facebook's Social Graph 2020 VLDB 0.00011137963
1,786 Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing: A Survey 2017 SIGMOD 0.00010543881
1,932 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010050776
2,112 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 9.5244583e-05
2,153 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 9.418541e-05
2,469 Morton Filters: Faster, Space-Efficient Cuckoo Filters via Biasing, Compression, and Decoupled Logical Sparsity 2018 VLDB 8.7255912e-05
2,606 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 8.4621503e-05
2,797 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 8.1116755e-05
3,363 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 7.1680649e-05
3,545 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 6.9831585e-05
3,797 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 6.7552936e-05
4,227 Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine 2022 VLDB 6.3381409e-05
4,572 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 6.068399e-05
4,659 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 6.0076537e-05
4,920 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 5.8262404e-05
5,118 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 5.6781464e-05
5,313 Key-Value Storage Engines 2020 SIGMOD 5.5711707e-05
5,641 A Comparative Study of Secondary Indexing Techniques in LSM-based NoSQL Databases 2018 SIGMOD 5.3968037e-05
5,848 MaSM: Efficient Online Updates in Data Warehouses 2011 SIGMOD 5.3023051e-05
5,920 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 5.2686888e-05
6,117 Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions 2022 SIGMOD 5.1992629e-05
6,227 An LSM-based Tuple Compaction Framework for Apache AsterixDB 2020 VLDB 5.1408445e-05
6,394 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 5.0770427e-05
6,648 Big Data Space Fungus 2015 CIDR 4.9725208e-05
7,217 Breaking Down Memory Walls in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 SIGMOD 4.7936491e-05
7,743 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 4.6581858e-05
7,908 Immutability Changes Everything 2015 CIDR 4.6159354e-05
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