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Logical and Physical Optimizations for SQL Query Execution over Large Language Models
Summary: Galois sits between SQL and LLMs, using LLMs as a storage layer with LLM-aware physical operators. LLM-focused optimization with dynamic metadata beats conventional plans, delivering up to 144% quality gains vs NL questions and 29% vs SQL.
(summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
- Paper ID
- 7299
- Venue
- SIGMOD
- Year
- 2025
- Pagerank
- 5.3042561e-05
- Overall Rank
- 5,840 | 59.38%
- DOI
-
10.1145/3725411
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.
Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank |
Cited Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 94 |
CrowdDB: Answering Queries with Crowdsourcing |
2011 |
SIGMOD |
0.00051013264 |
| 513 |
TURL: Table Understanding through Representation Learning |
2021 |
VLDB |
0.00021288342 |
| 1,082 |
CAESURA: Language Models as Multi-Modal Query Planners |
2024 |
CIDR |
0.00014214232 |
| 1,116 |
Language Models Enable Simple Systems for Generating Structured Views of Heterogeneous Data Lakes |
2024 |
VLDB |
0.00013890154 |
| 1,541 |
Symphony: Towards Natural Language Query Answering over Multi-modal Data Lakes |
2023 |
CIDR |
0.00011456579 |
| 1,758 |
Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization |
2016 |
SIGMOD |
0.00010655546 |
| 1,963 |
DocETL: Agentic Query Rewriting and Evaluation for Complex Document Processing |
2025 |
VLDB |
9.929429e-05 |
| 2,057 |
From Natural Language Processing to Neural Databases |
2021 |
VLDB |
9.6624862e-05 |
| 2,988 |
NL2SQL is a solved problem... Not! |
2024 |
CIDR |
7.7761714e-05 |
| 3,015 |
Chorus: Foundation Models for Unified Data Discovery and Exploration |
2024 |
VLDB |
7.7092391e-05 |
| 3,265 |
RHEEM: Enabling Cross-Platform Data Processing - May The Big Data Be With You! - |
2018 |
VLDB |
7.3083672e-05 |
| 3,359 |
Text2SQL is Not Enough: Unifying AI and Databases with TAG |
2025 |
CIDR |
7.1744146e-05 |
| 4,535 |
Hybrid Querying Over Relational Databases and Large Language Models |
2025 |
CIDR |
6.1049669e-05 |
| 4,909 |
A Method for Optimizing Opaque Filter Queries |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
5.8338804e-05 |
| 5,023 |
GenRewrite: Query Rewriting via Large Language Models |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
5.75363e-05 |
| 5,214 |
ThalamusDB: Approximate Query Processing on Multi-Modal Data |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
5.624434e-05 |
| 5,449 |
Transformers for Tabular Data Representation: A Tutorial on Models and Applications |
2022 |
VLDB |
5.5008652e-05 |
| 8,008 |
Entity Resolution On-Demand |
2022 |
VLDB |
4.6067684e-05 |
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| Overall Rank |
Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 10,108 |
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SIGMOD |
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OpenSQL: Data-Efficient Text-to-SQL for Open-Source LLMs via Synthesized Intermediate Supervision |
2026 |
VLDB |
4.1945683e-05 |
| 4,908 |
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2024 |
VLDB |
5.8339245e-05 |
| 9,391 |
Database as Runtime: Compiling LLMs to SQL for In-database Model Serving |
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| 3,472 |
LLM-R2: A Large Language Model Enhanced Rule-based Rewrite System for Boosting Query Efficiency |
2025 |
VLDB |
7.0639229e-05 |
| 4,535 |
Hybrid Querying Over Relational Databases and Large Language Models |
2025 |
CIDR |
6.1049669e-05 |
| 369 |
Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation |
2024 |
VLDB |
0.0002547515 |
| 9,993 |
Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! |
2026 |
CIDR |
4.1945683e-05 |
| 8,488 |
Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
4.4998609e-05 |