Supporting Flat Relations by a Nested Relational Kernel

Summary: Proposes NF2 nested-relational kernel for hierarchical clustering to support flat relations via a two-level model. Flat schemas map to the kernel; joins are partially materialized in nested relations, with algebraic optimization of queries without redundancy. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 7796
Venue: VLDB
Year: 1987
Pagerank: 8.734134e-05
Overall Rank: 2,466 | 82.87%
DOI: -

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
898	Query Graphs, Implementing Trees, and Freely-Reorderable Outerjoins	1990	SIGMOD	0.00015476243
2,109	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD	9.5283567e-05
2,560	Possibilities and Limitations of Using Flat Operators in Nested Algebra Expressions	1988	PODS	8.541561e-05
2,568	Architecture and Implementation of the Darmstadt Database Kernel System	1987	SIGMOD	8.5205422e-05
3,227	The O2 Object Manager: an Overview	1989	VLDB	7.3445433e-05
3,338	Hypergraph based reorderings of outer join queries with complex predicates	1995	SIGMOD	7.1990012e-05
7,554	Storing and Querying Tree-Structured Records in Dremel	2014	VLDB	4.7079131e-05
12,616	ROX: Relational Over XML	2004	VLDB	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
235	A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems	1986	VLDB	0.00031980259
273	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD	0.00029399666
421	Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data	1984	PODS	0.00023654912
1,436	A Data Management Extension Architecture	1987	SIGMOD	0.00011978473
1,654	Database Portals: A New Application Program Interface	1984	VLDB	0.00010984657
1,690	Molecular Objects, Abstract Data Types, and Data Models: A Framework	1984	VLDB	0.00010894712
2,299	Designing a Generalized NF2 Model with an SQL-Type Language Interface	1986	VLDB	9.0711063e-05
2,568	Architecture and Implementation of the Darmstadt Database Kernel System	1987	SIGMOD	8.5205422e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
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6,940	Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases	1983	VLDB	4.8878659e-05
93	Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations	1982	PODS	0.00051290296
4,411	An Implementation for Nested Relational Databases	1988	VLDB	6.2005552e-05
2,560	Possibilities and Limitations of Using Flat Operators in Nested Algebra Expressions	1988	PODS	8.541561e-05
12,543	A Nested Relational Approach to Processing SQL Subqueries	2005	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
6,182	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD	5.1637091e-05
6,672	Optimization of Nested Queries using the NF2 Algebra	2016	SIGMOD	4.9621566e-05
2,109	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD	9.5283567e-05
273	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD	0.00029399666