Practical Applications of Triggers and Constraints: Successes and Lingering Issues
Summary: Traces the rise of SQL constraints (SQL-92) and triggers (SQL-99) and surveys their practical deployment across kernel DBMS, DBMS services, and external apps. Frames trigger use as constraint maintenance; contrasts handcrafted vs generated and flags remaining gaps. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 6 of 6 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7,878 | DBToaster: Agile Views in a Dynamic Data Management System | 2011 | CIDR | 4.6295401e-05 |
| 8,587 | A-Tree: A Dynamic Data Structure for Efficiently Indexing Arbitrary Boolean Expressions | 2021 | SIGMOD | 4.4902253e-05 |
| 9,254 | PS-Tree-Based Efficient Boolean Expression Matching for High-Dimensional and Dense Workloads | 2019 | VLDB | 4.3690661e-05 |
| 9,968 | Please Don't Kill My Vibe: Empowering Agents with Data Flow Control | 2026 | CIDR | 4.1945683e-05 |
| 12,212 | Business Policy Modeling and Enforcement in Databases | 2011 | VLDB | 4.1945683e-05 |
| 12,542 | Event Processing with an Oracle Database | 2005 | SIGMOD | 4.1945683e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 11 of 11 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 69 | Implementation of Integrity Constraints and Views by Query Modification | 1975 | SIGMOD | 0.00060379399 |
| 264 | Deriving Production Rules for Incremental View Maintenance | 1991 | VLDB | 0.00029844694 |
| 468 | Materialized Views In Oracle | 1998 | VLDB | 0.00022411821 |
| 1,075 | Organizing Long-Running Activities with Triggers and Transactions | 1990 | SIGMOD | 0.00014250476 |
| 1,218 | Deriving Production Rules for Constraint Maintenance | 1990 | VLDB | 0.00013226899 |
| 1,424 | Managing Semantic Heterogeneity with Production Rules and Persistent Queues | 1993 | VLDB | 0.00012054309 |
| 1,890 | Promises and Realities of Active Database Systems | 1995 | VLDB | 0.00010199924 |
| 2,102 | Rule Condition Testing and Action Execution in Ariel | 1992 | SIGMOD | 9.5388158e-05 |
| 2,148 | On Maintaining Priorities in a Production Rule System | 1991 | VLDB | 9.4295586e-05 |
| 3,132 | Integrating Triggers and Declarative Constraints in SQL Database Systems | 1996 | VLDB | 7.4984862e-05 |
| 8,167 | Maintenance of Cube Automatic Summary Tables | 2000 | SIGMOD | 4.5705919e-05 |
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Semantically Similar Papers
| Overall Rank | Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,349 | Formal Limits on the Automatic Generation and Maintenance of Integrity Constraints | 1987 | PODS | 0.00012436377 |
| 1,218 | Deriving Production Rules for Constraint Maintenance | 1990 | VLDB | 0.00013226899 |
| 1,578 | Constraint Checking with Partial Information | 1994 | PODS | 0.00011284233 |
| 3,554 | Ode as an Active Database: Constraints and Triggers | 1991 | VLDB | 6.9772576e-05 |
| 2,283 | Knowledge-based Integrity Constraint Validation | 1986 | VLDB | 9.105984e-05 |
| 4,747 | Semantics and Expressiveness Issues in Active Databases | 1995 | PODS | 5.9545121e-05 |
| 2,075 | Compiling complex database transition triggers | 1989 | SIGMOD | 9.6076188e-05 |
| 1,890 | Promises and Realities of Active Database Systems | 1995 | VLDB | 0.00010199924 |
| 5,849 | Eliminating Costly Redundant Computations from SQL Trigger Executions | 1997 | SIGMOD | 5.3018732e-05 |
| 3,132 | Integrating Triggers and Declarative Constraints in SQL Database Systems | 1996 | VLDB | 7.4984862e-05 |