Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations

Summary: Introduces an extension of the relational model supporting NF2 (nested) relations and augments relational algebra with nest/unnest operators. Formalizes algebraic properties and interaction rules with standard operators, stressing implementation/ internal-model implications. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h33f4b2519acf9b6f
Venue: PODS
Year: 1982
Pagerank: 0.00029346895
Overall Rank: 140 | 99.07%
DOI: 10.1145/588111.588133

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. G. Jaeschke (IBM)
2. H.-J. Schek (IBM)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{jaeschke_pods82,
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        series = {{PODS} '82},
        title = {{Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations}},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/588111.588133},
        doi = {10.1145/588111.588133},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} Symposium on {Principles} of {Database} {Systems}},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        author = {Jaeschke, G. and Schek, H.-J.},
        year = {1982}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
141	Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents: Limitations and Opportunities	1999	VLDB	0.00029294114
183	On Extending the Functions of a Relational Database System	1982	SIGMOD	0.00026178731
354	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD	0.00020222123
366	Object Identity As A Query Language Primitive	1989	SIGMOD	0.00019923978
486	A Calculus for Complex Objects	1986	PODS	0.00017471997
549	Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data	1984	PODS	0.00016563595
640	Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System	1982	VLDB	0.00015288268
691	On An Algebra For Historical Relational Databases. Two Views	1985	SIGMOD	0.00014743297
809	FAD, a Powerful and Simple Database Language	1987	VLDB	0.00013777631
828	Logic Programming With Sets	1987	PODS	0.00013614671
849	Aggregation and Ordering in Factorised Databases	2013	VLDB	0.00013504405
1,010	Integration of Time Versions into a Relational Database System	1984	VLDB	0.00012539712
1,084	A Normal Form for Nested Relations	1985	PODS	0.00012112852
1,253	A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	0.00011336027
2,154	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD	8.9474855e-05
2,169	Normal Forms and Conservative Properties for Query Languages over Collection Types	1993	PODS	8.9247938e-05
2,623	Processing Queries Over Generalization Hierarchies in a Multidatabase System	1983	VLDB	8.2114388e-05
2,751	Possibilities and Limitations of Using Flat Operators in Nested Algebra Expressions	1988	PODS	8.0562002e-05
2,820	Determining When a Structure Is a Nested Relation	1985	VLDB	7.9715759e-05
2,968	On the Expressive Power of Database Queries with Intermediate Types	1988	PODS	7.8013847e-05
3,629	The Powerset Algebra As A Result Of Adding Programming Constructs To The Nested Relational Algebra	1988	SIGMOD	7.1505568e-05
3,793	A Language and a Physical Organization Technique for Summary Tables	1985	SIGMOD	7.0176249e-05
4,046	Expressive Query Construction through Direct Manipulation of Nested Relational Results	2016	SIGMOD	6.8325379e-05
4,807	On the Complexity of Nonrecursive XQuery and Functional Query Languages on Complex Values	2005	PODS	6.4079967e-05
5,019	A Grammar-Based Approach Towards Unifying Hierarchical Data Models (extended abstract)	1989	SIGMOD	6.3112208e-05
5,658	Dense-Order Constraint Databases (Extended Abstract)	1995	PODS	6.0482089e-05
6,054	Nested Historical Relations	1989	SIGMOD	5.9024935e-05
6,420	An Object-Oriented Database System for Engineering Applications	1987	SIGMOD	5.7903037e-05
6,606	Weak Multivalued Dependencies+	1984	PODS	5.7364017e-05
6,643	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD	5.7232205e-05
6,679	Semistructured Models, Queries and Algebras in the Big Data Era	2016	SIGMOD	5.7106712e-05
7,688	Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases	1983	VLDB	5.4772833e-05
8,831	Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms	2018	VLDB	5.2681194e-05
9,891	Incremental View Maintenance for Property Graph Queries	2018	SIGMOD	5.1144788e-05
10,842	The Data World Is Not Flat: Efficient Factorized Execution for Relational Systems	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
10,877	Window Function Optimization: Co-Evaluation and Other Techniques	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
13,312	Tutorial: Languages for Collection Types	1994	PODS	4.9793485e-05
13,417	On Restructuring Nested Relations in Partitioned Normal Form	1990	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
13,451	Management of Complex Objects as Dynamic Forms	1988	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
13,482	Some Classes of Multilevel Relational Structures (Extended Abstract)	1986	PODS	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,299	FORM OPERATION BY EXAMPLE -- a Language for Office Information Processing	1981	SIGMOD	0.00011118525

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#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	13,417	On Restructuring Nested Relations in Partitioned Normal Form	1990	VLDB
2	2,531	Supporting Flat Relations by a Nested Relational Kernel	1987	VLDB
3	1,084	A Normal Form for Nested Relations	1985	PODS
4	549	Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data	1984	PODS
5	5,681	On The Expressive Power Of The Extended Relational Algebra For The Unnormalized Relational Model	1987	PODS
6	354	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD
7	6,643	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD
8	640	Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System	1982	VLDB
9	7,296	Optimization of Nested Queries using the NF2 Algebra	2016	SIGMOD
10	7,688	Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases	1983	VLDB