Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations

Summary: Introduces an extension of the relational model supporting NF2 (nested) relations and augments relational algebra with nest/unnest operators. Formalizes algebraic properties and interaction rules with standard operators, stressing implementation/ internal-model implications. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h33f4b2519acf9b6f
Venue: PODS
Year: 1982
Pagerank: 0.00029239337
Overall Rank: 140 | 99.07%
DOI: 10.1145/588111.588133

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. G. Jaeschke (IBM)
2. H.-J. Schek (IBM)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{jaeschke_pods82,
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        series = {{PODS} '82},
        title = {{Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations}},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/588111.588133},
        doi = {10.1145/588111.588133},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} Symposium on {Principles} of {Database} {Systems}},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        author = {Jaeschke, G. and Schek, H.-J.},
        year = {1982}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
141	Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents: Limitations and Opportunities	1999	VLDB	0.00029191386
185	On Extending the Functions of a Relational Database System	1982	SIGMOD	0.00026084927
354	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD	0.00020147748
368	Object Identity As A Query Language Primitive	1989	SIGMOD	0.00019850502
488	A Calculus for Complex Objects	1986	PODS	0.00017406684
551	Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data	1984	PODS	0.00016502064
642	Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System	1982	VLDB	0.00015230974
692	On An Algebra For Historical Relational Databases. Two Views	1985	SIGMOD	0.00014701559
810	FAD, a Powerful and Simple Database Language	1987	VLDB	0.0001372686
831	Logic Programming With Sets	1987	PODS	0.00013564613
848	Aggregation and Ordering in Factorised Databases	2013	VLDB	0.00013463236
1,011	Integration of Time Versions into a Relational Database System	1984	VLDB	0.00012495389
1,087	A Normal Form for Nested Relations	1985	PODS	0.00012067301
1,260	A Model of Queries for Object-Oriented Databases	1989	VLDB	0.00011293794
2,163	A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations	1989	SIGMOD	8.9189753e-05
2,185	Normal Forms and Conservative Properties for Query Languages over Collection Types	1993	PODS	8.891353e-05
2,631	Processing Queries Over Generalization Hierarchies in a Multidatabase System	1983	VLDB	8.1810097e-05
2,761	Possibilities and Limitations of Using Flat Operators in Nested Algebra Expressions	1988	PODS	8.0258082e-05
2,835	Determining When a Structure Is a Nested Relation	1985	VLDB	7.9414981e-05
2,982	On the Expressive Power of Database Queries with Intermediate Types	1988	PODS	7.7719553e-05
3,641	The Powerset Algebra As A Result Of Adding Programming Constructs To The Nested Relational Algebra	1988	SIGMOD	7.1238143e-05
3,803	A Language and a Physical Organization Technique for Summary Tables	1985	SIGMOD	6.9913527e-05
4,073	Expressive Query Construction through Direct Manipulation of Nested Relational Results	2016	SIGMOD	6.8067223e-05
4,831	On the Complexity of Nonrecursive XQuery and Functional Query Languages on Complex Values	2005	PODS	6.3838625e-05
5,048	A Grammar-Based Approach Towards Unifying Hierarchical Data Models (extended abstract)	1989	SIGMOD	6.2877212e-05
5,672	Dense-Order Constraint Databases (Extended Abstract)	1995	PODS	6.0253577e-05
6,069	Nested Historical Relations	1989	SIGMOD	5.8802224e-05
6,430	An Object-Oriented Database System for Engineering Applications	1987	SIGMOD	5.7690302e-05
6,620	Weak Multivalued Dependencies+	1984	PODS	5.7147406e-05
6,661	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD	5.701597e-05
6,696	Semistructured Models, Queries and Algebras in the Big Data Era	2016	SIGMOD	5.6892156e-05
7,707	Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases	1983	VLDB	5.4565877e-05
8,858	Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms	2018	VLDB	5.248343e-05
9,932	Incremental View Maintenance for Property Graph Queries	2018	SIGMOD	5.095154e-05
10,913	The Data World Is Not Flat: Efficient Factorized Execution for Relational Systems	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
10,947	Window Function Optimization: Co-Evaluation and Other Techniques	2026	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
13,359	Tutorial: Languages for Collection Types	1994	PODS	4.9605343e-05
13,464	On Restructuring Nested Relations in Partitioned Normal Form	1990	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
13,498	Management of Complex Objects as Dynamic Forms	1988	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
13,529	Some Classes of Multilevel Relational Structures (Extended Abstract)	1986	PODS	4.9605343e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,305	FORM OPERATION BY EXAMPLE -- a Language for Office Information Processing	1981	SIGMOD	0.00011077091

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#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	13,464	On Restructuring Nested Relations in Partitioned Normal Form	1990	VLDB
2	2,538	Supporting Flat Relations by a Nested Relational Kernel	1987	VLDB
3	1,087	A Normal Form for Nested Relations	1985	PODS
4	551	Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data	1984	PODS
5	5,693	On The Expressive Power Of The Extended Relational Algebra For The Unnormalized Relational Model	1987	PODS
6	354	A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies	1986	SIGMOD
7	6,661	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD
8	642	Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System	1982	VLDB
9	7,319	Optimization of Nested Queries using the NF2 Algebra	2016	SIGMOD
10	7,707	Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases	1983	VLDB