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Cloudspecs: Cloud Hardware Evolution Through the Looking Glass

Summary: 2015–2025 longitudinal study of cloud instances (AWS-focused, cross-cloud/on‑prem comparisons) shows network bandwidth per dollar up ≈10×, modest CPU/DRAM gains, and NVMe throughput stalled since 2016. Smaller clouds are up to 5× cheaper, reshaping cost/perf bottlenecks; includes an interactive exploration tool. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h4a0e9a1ca883b20e
Venue
CIDR
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.9793485e-05
Overall Rank
10,347 | 30.44%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

No non-self incoming citations found for this paper in this database.

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{steinert_cidr26,
        address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
        series = {{CIDR} '26},
        title = {{Cloudspecs: Cloud Hardware Evolution Through the Looking Glass}},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Innovative} {Data} {Systems} {Research}},
        author = {Steinert, Till and Kuschewski, Maximilian and Leis, Viktor},
        year = {2026}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,226 Active Data Lakes: Regaining Physical Data Independence Without Losing Interoperability 2026 VLDB 5.0571508e-05
10,833 BtrLog: Low-Latency Logging for Cloud Database Systems 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
52 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00041219077
63 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00038531147
233 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.00023783585
340 THE 5 MINUTE RULE FOR TRADING MEMORY FOR DISC ACCESSES and THE 10 BYTE RULE FOR TRADING MEMORY FOR CPU TIME 1987 SIGMOD 0.00020539958
373 Umbra: A Disk-Based System with In-Memory Performance 2020 CIDR 0.00019711632
2,213 Towards Cost-Optimal Query Processing in the Cloud 2021 VLDB 8.8206114e-05
2,314 BtrBlocks: Efficient Columnar Compression for Data Lakes 2023 SIGMOD 8.6533171e-05
2,877 Exploiting Directly-Attached NVMe Arrays in DBMS 2020 CIDR 7.9181223e-05
2,920 What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines 2023 VLDB 7.8540089e-05
2,966 Choosing A Cloud DBMS: Architectures and Tradeoffs 2019 VLDB 7.8039817e-05
4,034 Exploiting Cloud Object Storage for High-Performance Analytics 2023 VLDB 6.8393244e-05
4,989 GOLAP: A GPU-in-Data-Path Architecture for High-Speed OLAP 2024 SIGMOD 6.3247654e-05
5,693 DuckDB-Wasm: Fast Analytical Processing for the Web 2022 VLDB 6.0352395e-05
5,991 Terabyte-Scale Analytics in the Blink of an Eye 2026 VLDB 5.9247663e-05
6,667 Powerful GPUs or Fast Interconnects: Analyzing Relational Workloads on Modern GPUs 2025 VLDB 5.7152948e-05
7,911 Databases on Modern Networks: A Decade of Research That Now Comes into Practice 2023 VLDB 5.4284007e-05
8,571 Practical DB-OS Co-Design with Privileged Kernel Bypass 2025 SIGMOD 5.3127636e-05
9,045 A Model for Query Execution Over Heterogeneous Instances 2024 CIDR 5.2311776e-05
9,132 The Five-Minute Rule for the Cloud: Caching in Analytics Systems 2025 CIDR 5.2231291e-05
10,866 Tux: Efficient Drop-in Networking for Database Systems 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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