Mixer: Efficiently Understanding and Retrieving Visual Content at Web-scale

Summary: Mixer: class-based features with separate production/execution layers for images and videos. Two retrieval layers enable aggregation; on Baidu, model production time halved and throughput 9.14x, with 95% precision and 97% recall for video retrieval. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h521212eb24757986
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2021
Pagerank: 5.9148049e-05
Overall Rank: 6,009 | 59.60%
DOI: 10.14778/3476311.3476371

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. An Qin (Baidu)
2. Mengbai Xiao (Shandong University)
3. Yongwei Wu (Baidu)
4. Xinjie Huang (Baidu)
5. Xiaodong Zhang (Ohio State University)

BibTeX Citation

@article{qin_vldb21,
        title = {{Mixer: Efficiently Understanding and Retrieving Visual Content at Web-scale}},
        author = {Qin, An and Xiao, Mengbai and Wu, Yongwei and Huang, Xinjie and Zhang, Xiaodong},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2906--2917},
        doi = {10.14778/3476311.3476371},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3476311.3476371},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 3 of 3 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,373	High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs	2023	SIGMOD	0.0001088854
4,287	VIVA: An End-to-End System for Interactive Video Analytics	2022	CIDR	6.6869736e-05
8,370	MicroNN: An On-device Disk-resident Updatable Vector Database	2025	SIGMOD	5.34483e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 11 of 11 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
271	NoScope: Optimizing Neural Network Queries over Video at Scale	2017	VLDB	0.00022560564
281	Accelerating Machine Learning Inference with Probabilistic Predicates	2018	SIGMOD	0.00022295232
341	AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data	2020	VLDB	0.00020539791
541	BlazeIt: Optimizing Declarative Aggregation and Limit Queries for Neural Network-Based Video Analytics	2020	VLDB	0.00016657685
771	The Yin and Yang of Processing Data Warehousing Queries on GPU Devices	2013	VLDB	0.00014085862
1,617	Challenges and Opportunities in DNN-Based Video Analytics: A Demonstration of the BlazeIt Video Query Engine	2019	CIDR	0.00010057464
2,202	Mega-KV: A Case for GPUs to Maximize the Throughput of In-Memory Key-Value Stores	2015	VLDB	8.8719608e-05
2,466	Concurrent Analytical Query Processing with GPUs	2014	VLDB	8.4222621e-05
2,710	Panorama: A Data System for Unbounded Vocabulary Querying over Video	2020	VLDB	8.1041775e-05
3,806	Vaas: Video Analytics At Scale	2020	VLDB	7.0107906e-05
12,493	Fatman: Cost-saving and reliable archival storage based on volunteer resources	2014	VLDB	4.9793485e-05

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1	12,662	Effective Data Co-Reduction for Multimedia Similarity Search	2011	SIGMOD
2	9,337	Qcluster: Relevance Feedback Using Adaptive Clustering for Content-Based Image Retrieval	2003	SIGMOD
3	4,456	Efficient and Cost-effective Techniques for Browsing and Indexing Large Video Databases	2000	SIGMOD
4	8,749	Optimizing Video Selection LIMIT Queries With Commonsense Knowledge	2024	VLDB
5	10,839	Craw: A Unified and Efficient Querying Framework for Large-Scale Video Datasets	2026	VLDB
6	14,090	Studying Interaction Methodologies in Video Retrieval	2008	VLDB
7	12,505	Effective Multi-Modal Retrieval based on Stacked Auto-Encoders	2014	VLDB
8	12,710	Multiple Feature Fusion for Social Media Applications	2010	SIGMOD
9	3,411	Spatial and Temporal Constrained Ranked Retrieval over Videos	2022	VLDB
10	4,151	Inter-Media Hashing for Large-scale Retrieval from Heterogeneous Data Sources	2013	SIGMOD