Watermarking Relational Databases

Summary: Watermarking relational databases to deter piracy with a private-key-driven bit-pattern embedded across selected tuples and attributes, preserving application semantics. Detection requires only the private key, needs no original data, works on small samples, and remains robust to attacks and updates; a DB2 prototype demonstrates practical performance. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h5c66ff5a501a630a
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2002
Pagerank: 7.8106269e-05
Overall Rank: 2,947 | 80.25%
DOI: 10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50022-6

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Rakesh Agrawal (IBM)
2. Jerry Kiernan (IBM)

BibTeX Citation

@article{agrawal_vldb02,
        title = {{Watermarking Relational Databases}},
        author = {Agrawal, Rakesh and Kiernan, Jerry},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '02},
        doi = {10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50022-6},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50022-6},
        year = {2002}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
1,880	Information Sharing Across Private Databases	2003	SIGMOD	9.427621e-05
5,536	Rights Protection for Relational Data	2003	SIGMOD	6.0766545e-05
8,984	Auditing Disclosure by Relevance Ranking	2007	SIGMOD	5.2311402e-05
10,599	B2Mark: A Blind and Buyer-Traceable Watermarking Scheme for Tabular Datasets	2026	SIGMOD	4.9605343e-05
13,088	WmXML: A System for Watermarking XML Data	2005	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
13,132	Resilient Rights Protection for Sensor Streams	2004	VLDB	4.9605343e-05
13,146	Privacy in Data Systems	2003	PODS	4.9605343e-05
13,148	Query-preserving Watermarking of Relational Databases and XML Documents	2003	PODS	4.9605343e-05
14,283	A System for Watermarking Relational Databases	2003	SIGMOD	-

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 0 of 0 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	1,170	PrivateSQL: A Differentially Private SQL Query Engine	2019	VLDB
2	14,232	The Role of Cryptography in Database Security	2004	SIGMOD
3	9,222	Integrity-based Attacks for Encrypted Databases and Implications	2021	CIDR
4	12,799	Building Disclosure Risk Aware Query Optimizers for Relational Databases	2010	VLDB
5	13,132	Resilient Rights Protection for Sensor Streams	2004	VLDB
6	10,599	B2Mark: A Blind and Buyer-Traceable Watermarking Scheme for Tabular Datasets	2026	SIGMOD
7	13,088	WmXML: A System for Watermarking XML Data	2005	VLDB
8	13,148	Query-preserving Watermarking of Relational Databases and XML Documents	2003	PODS
9	5,536	Rights Protection for Relational Data	2003	SIGMOD
10	14,283	A System for Watermarking Relational Databases	2003	SIGMOD