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Exact Indexing of Dynamic Time Warping

Summary: Novel exact indexing method for Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) that works despite DTW's non-metric nature. Guarantees no false dismissals and dramatically outperforms prior exact/approx indexing approaches on the largest time-series benchmarks to date. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h6737e17741cff415
Venue
VLDB
Year
2002
Pagerank
0.00015512487
Overall Rank
616 | 95.88%
DOI
10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50043-3

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{keogh_vldb02,
        title = {{Exact Indexing of Dynamic Time Warping}},
        author = {Keogh, Eamonn},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '02},
        doi = {10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50043-3},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50043-3},
        year = {2002}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 31 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
229 Robust and Fast Similarity Search for Moving Object Trajectories 2005 SIGMOD 0.00023850907
307 On The Marriage of Lp-norms and Edit Distance 2004 VLDB 0.00021496009
918 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB 0.00013051871
920 Trajectory Clustering: A Partition-and-Group Framework 2007 SIGMOD 0.00013041987
1,075 Warping Indexes with Envelope Transforms for Query by Humming 2003 SIGMOD 0.00012129172
2,210 DITA: Distributed In-Memory Trajectory Analytics 2018 SIGMOD 8.844541e-05
2,502 An Efficient and Accurate Method for Evaluating Time Series Similarity 2007 SIGMOD 8.3580269e-05
2,693 Identifying Similarities, Periodicities and Bursts for Online Search Queries 2004 SIGMOD 8.1107645e-05
3,019 Trajectory Simplification: An Experimental Study and Quality Analysis 2018 VLDB 7.7285252e-05
3,342 FTW: Fast Similarity Search under the Time Warping Distance 2005 PODS 7.3874144e-05
3,516 Approximate Embedding-Based Subsequence Matching of Time Series 2008 SIGMOD 7.2220655e-05
5,010 Indexing Large Human-Motion Databases 2004 VLDB 6.3030754e-05
5,035 Fast Large-Scale Trajectory Clustering 2020 VLDB 6.2909656e-05
5,737 Ranked Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 2007 VLDB 5.9955855e-05
5,991 Query-Sensitive Embeddings 2005 SIGMOD 5.9060962e-05
6,913 On Efficiently Searching Trajectories and Archival Data for Historical Similarities 2008 VLDB 5.6331177e-05
7,025 A Generic Framework for Efficient and Effective Subsequence Retrieval 2012 VLDB 5.6021708e-05
7,401 LB_Keogh Supports Exact Indexing of Shapes under Rotation Invariance with Arbitrary Representations and Distance Measures 2006 VLDB 5.5184506e-05
7,519 Boosting Spatial Pruning: On Optimal Pruning of MBRs 2010 SIGMOD 5.4892692e-05
7,563 Scaling and Time Warping in Time Series Querying 2005 VLDB 5.478063e-05
8,209 A New Approach for Processing Ranked Subsequence Matching Based on Ranked Union 2011 SIGMOD 5.3610809e-05
8,308 Anticipatory DTW for Efficient Similarity Search in Time Series Databases 2009 VLDB 5.3417975e-05
8,551 SoundCompass: A Practical Query-by-Humming System 2004 SIGMOD 5.3029132e-05
9,446 Challenges and Techniques for Effective and Efficient Similarity Search in Large Video Databases 2008 VLDB 5.1630452e-05
9,795 A Subsequence Matching with Gaps-Range-Tolerances Framework: A Query-By-Humming Application 2011 VLDB 5.115551e-05
11,799 Accelerating Similarity Search for Elastic Measures: A Study and New Generalization of Lower Bounding Distances 2023 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,462 SMiLer: A Semi-Lazy Time Series Prediction System for Sensors 2015 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
12,669 sDTW: Computing DTW Distances using Locally Relevant Constraints based on Salient Feature Alignments 2012 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,767 Finding Maximum Degrees in Hidden Bipartite Graphs 2010 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
12,811 Parsimonious Linear Fingerprinting for Time Series 2010 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,114 Fast Algorithms for Time Series with applications to Finance, Physics, Music, Biology, and other Suspects 2004 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0019892478
28 Nearest Neighbor Queries 1995 SIGMOD 0.00051134355
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045609336
198 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00025558119
386 Fast Similarity Search in the Presence of Noise, Scaling, and Translation in Time-Series Databases 1995 VLDB 0.00019396455
481 Fast Time Sequence Indexing for Arbitrary Lp Norms 2000 VLDB 0.00017567157
490 FastMap: A Fast Algorithm for Indexing, Data-Mining and Visualization of Traditional and Multimedia Datasets 1995 SIGMOD 0.00017397036
625 Efficiently Supporting Ad Hoc Queries in Large Datasets of Time Sequences 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015436082
828 Optimal Multi-Step k-Nearest Neighbor Search 1998 SIGMOD 0.00013588099
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 3,342 FTW: Fast Similarity Search under the Time Warping Distance 2005 PODS
2 481 Fast Time Sequence Indexing for Arbitrary Lp Norms 2000 VLDB
3 5,737 Ranked Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 2007 VLDB
4 6,643 Interactive Time Series Exploration Powered by the Marriage of Similarity Distances 2017 VLDB
5 42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD
6 1,098 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB
7 3,516 Approximate Embedding-Based Subsequence Matching of Time Series 2008 SIGMOD
8 7,563 Scaling and Time Warping in Time Series Querying 2005 VLDB
9 198 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD
10 8,308 Anticipatory DTW for Efficient Similarity Search in Time Series Databases 2009 VLDB