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Exact Indexing of Dynamic Time Warping

Summary: Novel exact indexing method for Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) that works despite DTW's non-metric nature. Guarantees no false dismissals and dramatically outperforms prior exact/approx indexing approaches on the largest time-series benchmarks to date. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h6737e17741cff415
Venue
VLDB
Year
2002
Pagerank
0.00015570505
Overall Rank
613 | 95.89%
DOI
10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50043-3

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{keogh_vldb02,
        title = {{Exact Indexing of Dynamic Time Warping}},
        author = {Keogh, Eamonn},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '02},
        doi = {10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50043-3},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860869-6/50043-3},
        year = {2002}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 31 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
227 Robust and Fast Similarity Search for Moving Object Trajectories 2005 SIGMOD 0.0002393284
306 On The Marriage of Lp-norms and Edit Distance 2004 VLDB 0.00021575844
915 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB 0.00013099703
917 Trajectory Clustering: A Partition-and-Group Framework 2007 SIGMOD 0.00013091246
1,070 Warping Indexes with Envelope Transforms for Query by Humming 2003 SIGMOD 0.00012174775
2,196 DITA: Distributed In-Memory Trajectory Analytics 2018 SIGMOD 8.8780862e-05
2,494 An Efficient and Accurate Method for Evaluating Time Series Similarity 2007 SIGMOD 8.3888883e-05
2,683 Identifying Similarities, Periodicities and Bursts for Online Search Queries 2004 SIGMOD 8.1393112e-05
3,009 Trajectory Simplification: An Experimental Study and Quality Analysis 2018 VLDB 7.7578378e-05
3,333 FTW: Fast Similarity Search under the Time Warping Distance 2005 PODS 7.4153527e-05
3,507 Approximate Embedding-Based Subsequence Matching of Time Series 2008 SIGMOD 7.2494536e-05
4,983 Indexing Large Human-Motion Databases 2004 VLDB 6.3269506e-05
5,011 Fast Large-Scale Trajectory Clustering 2020 VLDB 6.3148258e-05
5,722 Ranked Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 2007 VLDB 6.0183253e-05
5,982 Query-Sensitive Embeddings 2005 SIGMOD 5.9276742e-05
6,890 On Efficiently Searching Trajectories and Archival Data for Historical Similarities 2008 VLDB 5.6544825e-05
7,006 A Generic Framework for Efficient and Effective Subsequence Retrieval 2012 VLDB 5.6234186e-05
7,380 LB_Keogh Supports Exact Indexing of Shapes under Rotation Invariance with Arbitrary Representations and Distance Measures 2006 VLDB 5.5393809e-05
7,494 Boosting Spatial Pruning: On Optimal Pruning of MBRs 2010 SIGMOD 5.5095043e-05
7,541 Scaling and Time Warping in Time Series Querying 2005 VLDB 5.4988401e-05
8,186 A New Approach for Processing Ranked Subsequence Matching Based on Ranked Union 2011 SIGMOD 5.3814143e-05
8,286 Anticipatory DTW for Efficient Similarity Search in Time Series Databases 2009 VLDB 5.3620578e-05
8,526 SoundCompass: A Practical Query-by-Humming System 2004 SIGMOD 5.323026e-05
9,412 Challenges and Techniques for Effective and Efficient Similarity Search in Large Video Databases 2008 VLDB 5.1826275e-05
9,758 A Subsequence Matching with Gaps-Range-Tolerances Framework: A Query-By-Humming Application 2011 VLDB 5.1349531e-05
11,749 Accelerating Similarity Search for Elastic Measures: A Study and New Generalization of Lower Bounding Distances 2023 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,413 SMiLer: A Semi-Lazy Time Series Prediction System for Sensors 2015 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,620 sDTW: Computing DTW Distances using Locally Relevant Constraints based on Salient Feature Alignments 2012 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,718 Finding Maximum Degrees in Hidden Bipartite Graphs 2010 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,762 Parsimonious Linear Fingerprinting for Time Series 2010 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
13,067 Fast Algorithms for Time Series with applications to Finance, Physics, Music, Biology, and other Suspects 2004 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.001992968
28 Nearest Neighbor Queries 1995 SIGMOD 0.00051312804
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045773967
193 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00025648171
385 Fast Similarity Search in the Presence of Noise, Scaling, and Translation in Time-Series Databases 1995 VLDB 0.0001946565
478 Fast Time Sequence Indexing for Arbitrary Lp Norms 2000 VLDB 0.00017631293
488 FastMap: A Fast Algorithm for Indexing, Data-Mining and Visualization of Traditional and Multimedia Datasets 1995 SIGMOD 0.00017457851
621 Efficiently Supporting Ad Hoc Queries in Large Datasets of Time Sequences 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015492309
826 Optimal Multi-Step k-Nearest Neighbor Search 1998 SIGMOD 0.0001363793
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 3,333 FTW: Fast Similarity Search under the Time Warping Distance 2005 PODS
2 478 Fast Time Sequence Indexing for Arbitrary Lp Norms 2000 VLDB
3 5,722 Ranked Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 2007 VLDB
4 6,627 Interactive Time Series Exploration Powered by the Marriage of Similarity Distances 2017 VLDB
5 42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD
6 1,095 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB
7 3,507 Approximate Embedding-Based Subsequence Matching of Time Series 2008 SIGMOD
8 7,541 Scaling and Time Warping in Time Series Querying 2005 VLDB
9 193 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD
10 8,286 Anticipatory DTW for Efficient Similarity Search in Time Series Databases 2009 VLDB