SQL Schema Design: Foundations, Normal Forms, and Normalization
Summary: Proposes a new class of SQL-focused functional dependencies with axiomatic and linear-time implication, enabling a BCNF-like SQL normal form. For an expressive FD sub-class, a normalization algorithm yields Value-Redundancy Free Normal Form; some schemas resist BCNF, but experiments show these FDs are common in real data and reduce redundancies without loss. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Henning Köhler (Massey University)
- 2. Sebastian Link (University of Auckland)
BibTeX Citation
@inproceedings{kohler_sigmod16,
title = {{SQL Schema Design: Foundations, Normal Forms, and Normalization}},
author = {Köhler, Henning and Link, Sebastian},
series = {{SIGMOD} '16},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
doi = {10.1145/2882903.2915239},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2882903.2915239},
year = {2016}
}Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 8 of 8 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,475 | Embedded Functional Dependencies and Data-completeness Tailored Database Design | 2019 | VLDB | 7.2707661e-05 |
| 5,798 | Normalizing Property Graphs | 2023 | VLDB | 5.9905343e-05 |
| 7,287 | Discovery Algorithms for Embedded Functional Dependencies | 2020 | SIGMOD | 5.5658087e-05 |
| 8,263 | Discovery and Ranking of Embedded Uniqueness Constraints | 2019 | VLDB | 5.3657304e-05 |
| 8,507 | DataProf: Semantic Profiling for Iterative Data Cleansing and Business Rule Acquisition | 2018 | SIGMOD | 5.3269911e-05 |
| 9,965 | Composite Object Normal Forms: Parameterizing Boyce-Codd Normal Form by the Number of Minimal Keys | 2023 | SIGMOD | 5.1038322e-05 |
| 9,967 | Logical Schema Design that Quantifies Update Inefficiency and Join Efficiency | 2021 | SIGMOD | 5.1038322e-05 |
| 10,794 | Storage-Centric Relation Design via High-Quality Approximate Functional Dependencies | 2026 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 4 of 4 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 550 | Synthesizing Independent Database Schemas | 1979 | SIGMOD | 0.00016559635 |
| 628 | Database Relations with Null Values (Extended Abstract) | 1982 | PODS | 0.0001544126 |
| 4,342 | Possible and Certain SQL Keys | 2015 | VLDB | 6.6510065e-05 |
| 12,705 | When Data Dependencies over SQL Tables Meet the Logics of Paradox and S-3 | 2010 | PODS | 4.9793485e-05 |
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| 3 | 4,318 | A Unified Approach to Functional Dependencies and Relations | 1975 | SIGMOD |
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