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Functional Dependency Discovery: An Experimental Evaluation of Seven Algorithms

Summary: Comprehensive experimental comparison of seven prominent functional-dependency discovery algorithms, including a unifying taxonomy and clarified implementations. Broad synthetic/real-data evaluation reveals strong data-dependent tradeoffs, poor overall scalability, and guidance for algorithm selection. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
hb4be4e8b1ecf5e4f
Venue
VLDB
Year
2015
Pagerank
0.00014426954
Overall Rank
727 | 95.13%
DOI
10.14778/2794367.2794377
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{papenbrock_vldb15,
        title = {{Functional Dependency Discovery: An Experimental Evaluation of Seven Algorithms}},
        author = {Papenbrock, Thorsten and Ehrlich, Jens and Marten, Jannik and Neubert, Tommy and Rudolph, Jan-Peer and Schönberg, Martin and Zwiener, Jakob and Naumann, Felix},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '15},
        volume = {8},
        number = {10},
        pages = {1082--1093},
        doi = {10.14778/2794367.2794377},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/2794367.2794377},
        year = {2015}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 46 of 46 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
602 A Hybrid Approach to Functional Dependency Discovery 2016 SIGMOD 0.00015670535
1,399 Data Profiling with Metanome 2015 VLDB 0.0001076306
1,490 Efficient Discovery of Approximate Dependencies 2018 VLDB 0.0001047928
1,627 Efficient Denial Constraint Discovery with Hydra 2018 VLDB 0.00010021689
1,980 Discovery of Approximate (and Exact) Denial Constraints 2020 VLDB 9.2527187e-05
2,131 Discovery of Genuine Functional Dependencies from Relational Data with Missing Values 2018 VLDB 8.9867472e-05
2,249 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 8.7479608e-05
2,341 SliceLine: Fast, Linear-Algebra-based Slice Finding for ML Model Debugging 2021 SIGMOD 8.5984124e-05
2,451 Approximate Denial Constraints 2020 VLDB 8.4303553e-05
3,136 Every Row Counts: Combining Sketches and Sampling for Accurate Group-By Result Estimates 2019 CIDR 7.5902303e-05
3,205 A Statistical Perspective on Discovering Functional Dependencies in Noisy Data 2020 SIGMOD 7.5221127e-05
3,277 Automatic Data Repair: Are We Ready to Deploy? 2024 VLDB 7.4527106e-05
3,322 MT-Teql: Evaluating and Augmenting Neural NLIDB on Real-world Linguistic and Schema Variations 2022 VLDB 7.411678e-05
3,432 UGuide – User-Guided Discovery of FD-Detectable Errors 2017 SIGMOD 7.288198e-05
4,005 Auto-Pipeline: Synthesizing Complex Data Pipelines By-Target Using Reinforcement Learning and Search 2021 VLDB 6.8448428e-05
4,476 Effective and Complete Discovery of Order Dependencies via Set-based Axiomatization 2017 VLDB 6.5696859e-05
4,538 Pattern Functional Dependencies for Data Cleaning 2020 VLDB 6.5398994e-05
4,742 Going Beyond Provenance: Explaining Query Answers with Pattern-based Counterbalances 2019 SIGMOD 6.4285195e-05
5,120 Explaining Dataset Changes for Semantic Data Versioning with Explain-Da-V 2023 VLDB 6.254003e-05
5,156 Distributed implementations of dependency discovery algorithms 2019 VLDB 6.2366568e-05
5,387 Explaining Repaired Data with CFDs 2018 VLDB 6.1374778e-05
5,658 Self-supervised and Interpretable Data Cleaning with Sequence Generative Adversarial Networks 2023 VLDB 6.0309825e-05
5,816 Normalizing Property Graphs 2023 VLDB 5.9678994e-05
6,438 CtxPipe: Context-aware Data Preparation Pipeline Construction for Machine Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.7678369e-05
7,041 CoCo: Interactive Exploration of Conformance Constraints for Data Understanding and Data Cleaning 2021 SIGMOD 5.5982623e-05
7,194 DataPrism: Exposing Disconnect between Data and Systems 2022 SIGMOD 5.573413e-05
7,244 Certus: An Effective Entity Resolution Approach with Graph Differential Dependencies (GDDs) 2019 VLDB 5.5606514e-05
7,307 Discovery Algorithms for Embedded Functional Dependencies 2020 SIGMOD 5.5447786e-05
7,318 Discovering Association Rules from Big Graphs 2022 VLDB 5.5411422e-05
7,518 Conformance Constraint Discovery: Measuring Trust in Data-Driven Systems 2021 SIGMOD 5.4894144e-05
7,902 Identifying Insufficient Data Coverage in Databases with Multiple Relations 2020 VLDB 5.4135994e-05
8,285 Discovery and Ranking of Embedded Uniqueness Constraints 2019 VLDB 5.3454563e-05
9,645 Discovering Top-k Rules using Subjective and Objective Criteria 2023 SIGMOD 5.1332977e-05
9,997 Discovering Functional Dependencies through Hitting Set Enumeration 2024 SIGMOD 5.0845476e-05
10,004 Logical Schema Design that Quantifies Update Inefficiency and Join Efficiency 2021 SIGMOD 5.0845476e-05
10,146 Efficient Differential Dependency Discovery 2024 VLDB 5.0597449e-05
10,223 Discovering Top-k Relevant and Diversified Rules 2024 SIGMOD 5.0460607e-05
10,517 Discovery of Denial Constraints with Hardware Acceleration 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,603 Guardrail: Automated Integrity Constraint Synthesis From Noisy Data 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,865 Storage-Centric Relation Design via High-Quality Approximate Functional Dependencies 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,318 Efficient Discovery of Relaxed Functional Dependencies 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,444 FDepHunter: Harnessing Negative Examples to Expose Fakes and Reveal Ghosts 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,605 Capturing More Associations by Referencing External Graphs 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,613 Mixed Covers of Keys and Functional Dependencies for Maintaining the Integrity of Data under Updates 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,625 SplitDF: Splitting Dataframes for Memory-Efficient Data Analysis 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,758 Regularized Pairwise Relationship based Analytics for Structured Data 2023 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
160 CORDS: Automatic Discovery of Correlations and Soft Functional Dependencies 2004 SIGMOD 0.00027775994
1,230 Partition Semantics for Relations 1985 PODS 0.00011418186
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