Database Decomposition into Fourth Normal Form

Summary: Introduces an unrestricted algorithm for decomposing schemas under functional and multivalued dependencies into lossless-join 4NF relations. Avoiding full dependency-closure computation, it runs in polynomial time for dependency classes broader than conflict-free sets. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: hce3e1048c2712894
Venue: VLDB
Year: 1983
Pagerank: 6.6462792e-05
Overall Rank: 4,349 | 70.77%
DOI: -

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Gösta Grahne (University of Helsinki)
2. Kari-Jouko Räihä (University of Helsinki)

BibTeX Citation

@article{grahne_vldb83,
        title = {{Database Decomposition into Fourth Normal Form}},
        author = {Grahne, Gösta and Räihä, Kari-Jouko},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '83},
        year = {1983}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
6,643	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD	5.7232205e-05
9,512	Unifying Functional and Multivalued Dependencies for Relational Database Design	1986	PODS	5.1701225e-05
13,460	Logical Design of Relational Database Schemes	1987	PODS	4.9793485e-05
13,517	Dependency Characterizations For Acyclic Database Schemes	1984	PODS	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
550	Synthesizing Independent Database Schemas	1979	SIGMOD	0.00016559635
1,138	The U. R. Strikes Back	1982	PODS	0.00011865234
1,562	Assumptions in Relational Database Theory	1982	PODS	0.00010227324
2,581	REAL-WORLD MVD's	1981	SIGMOD	8.2708541e-05
3,575	Elimination of Intersection Anomalies from Database Schemes (Extended Abstract)	1983	PODS	7.194079e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	6,281	Independent and Separable Database Schemes	1983	PODS
2	13,540	Algebraic Aspects of Relational Database Decomposition (Extended Abstract)	1983	PODS
3	13,435	Decomposition of Relational Schemata into Components Defined by Both Projection and Restriction	1988	PODS
4	13,486	Alpha-Acyclic Decompositions of Relational Database Schemes	1986	PODS
5	3,287	Comprehensive Approach to the Design of Relational Database Schemes	1984	VLDB
6	6,834	Properties Of Database Schemata With Functional Dependencies	1984	PODS
7	6,643	The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form	1987	SIGMOD
8	1,084	A Normal Form for Nested Relations	1985	PODS
9	9,512	Unifying Functional and Multivalued Dependencies for Relational Database Design	1986	PODS
10	13,460	Logical Design of Relational Database Schemes	1987	PODS