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Crawling the Hidden Web

Summary: Proposes a hidden Web crawler model and HiWE (Hidden Web Exposer) for extracting content behind search forms and logins. Introduces LITE, a layout-based extraction technique to semantically parse forms and result pages, with experimental validation. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
he23e399a5576d209
Venue
VLDB
Year
2001
Pagerank
0.0002018926
Overall Rank
349 | 97.67%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{raghavan_vldb01,
        title = {{Crawling the Hidden Web}},
        author = {Raghavan, Sriram and Garcia-Molina, Hector},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '01},
        year = {2001}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 32 of 32 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
816 An Interactive Clustering-based Approach to Integrating Source Query Interfaces on the Deep Web 2004 SIGMOD 0.00013671567
994 Web-scale Data Integration: You can only afford to Pay As You Go 2007 CIDR 0.00012610224
1,503 Generic Schema Matching, Ten Years Later 2011 VLDB 0.00010428871
1,584 Google’s Deep-Web Crawl 2008 VLDB 0.00010136933
2,340 Partial Results for Online Query Processing 2002 SIGMOD 8.598874e-05
2,432 Instance-based Schema Matching for Web Databases by Domain-specific Query Probing 2004 VLDB 8.4621184e-05
2,609 Understanding Web Query Interfaces: Best-Effort Parsing with Hidden Syntax 2004 SIGMOD 8.2052997e-05
2,665 WISE-Integrator: An Automatic Integrator of Web Search Interfaces for E-Commerce 2003 VLDB 8.1331014e-05
3,040 Entity Search Engine: Towards Agile Best-Effort Information Integration over the Web 2007 CIDR 7.7077337e-05
3,266 Computing PageRank in a Distributed Internet Search System 2004 VLDB 7.465455e-05
3,573 Using the Structure of Web Sites for Automatic Segmentation of Tables 2004 SIGMOD 7.1775403e-05
4,569 Harnessing the Deep Web: Present and Future 2009 CIDR 6.5170432e-05
5,692 A Hierarchical Approach to Model Web Query Interfaces for Web Source Integration 2009 VLDB 6.0181521e-05
5,869 RankMass Crawler: A Crawler with High Personalized PageRank Coverage Guarantee 2007 VLDB 5.9480687e-05
5,996 A Random Walk Approach to Sampling Hidden Databases 2007 SIGMOD 5.9037651e-05
7,794 Predicate-based Indexing of Enterprise Web Applications 2007 CIDR 5.4348634e-05
8,557 Discovering the Skyline of Web Databases 2016 VLDB 5.3017168e-05
8,763 Progressive Deep Web Crawling Through Keyword Queries For Data Enrichment 2019 SIGMOD 5.2705326e-05
8,861 Unbiased Estimation of Size and Other Aggregates Over Hidden Web Databases 2010 SIGMOD 5.2477452e-05
8,897 WISE-Integrator: A System for Extracting and Integrating Complex Web Search Interfaces of the Deep Web 2005 VLDB 5.240474e-05
9,231 Learning to Extract Form Labels 2008 VLDB 5.1891184e-05
9,865 Aggregate Estimation Over Dynamic Hidden Web Databases 2014 VLDB 5.1057684e-05
9,898 Optimal Algorithms for Crawling a Hidden Database in the Web 2012 VLDB 5.0992325e-05
9,899 Attribute Domain Discovery for Hidden Web Databases 2011 SIGMOD 5.0992325e-05
12,425 Query Reranking As A Service 2016 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,625 Rank Discovery From Web Databases 2013 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,724 Randomized Generalization for Aggregate Suppression Over Hidden Web Databases 2011 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,766 Optimizing Content Freshness of Relations Extracted From the Web Using Keyword Search 2010 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
12,859 Kosmix: High-Performance Topic Exploration using the Deep Web 2009 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,056 Automatic Extraction of Dynamic Record Sections From Search Engine Result Pages 2006 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,120 An Automatic Data Grabber for Large Web Sites 2004 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
13,164 From Focused Crawling to Expert Information: an Application Framework for Web Exploration and Portal Generation 2003 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 3 of 3 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,271 Focused Crawling Using Context Graphs 2000 VLDB 0.00011231554
1,645 Synchronizing a database to Improve Freshness 2000 SIGMOD 9.9752579e-05
7,697 The Evolution of the Web and Implications for an Incremental Crawler 2000 VLDB 5.4565877e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 5,692 A Hierarchical Approach to Model Web Query Interfaces for Web Source Integration 2009 VLDB
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4 1,271 Focused Crawling Using Context Graphs 2000 VLDB
5 4,569 Harnessing the Deep Web: Present and Future 2009 CIDR
6 8,763 Progressive Deep Web Crawling Through Keyword Queries For Data Enrichment 2019 SIGMOD
7 8,355 Accurate and Efficient Crawling for Relevant Websites 2004 VLDB
8 4,623 Probe, Count, and Classify: Categorizing Hidden-Web Databases 2001 SIGMOD
9 1,584 Google’s Deep-Web Crawl 2008 VLDB
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