Database Paper Browser

Back to papers

Froid: Optimization of Imperative Programs in a Relational Database

Summary: Automatically rewrites UDFs into relational algebra expressions embedded in SQL, enabling cost-based optimization of imperative code. Froid is extensible, brings compiler-style optimizations to UDFs, and yields set-oriented, parallel plans with orders-of-magnitude speedups. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
11755
Venue
VLDB
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00013984276
Overall Rank
1,108 | 92.30%
DOI
10.1145/3164135.3164140

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 43 of 43 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,237 Procedural Extensions of SQL: Understanding their usage in the wild 2021 VLDB 9.2212748e-05
2,804 Extending Relational Query Processing with ML Inference 2020 CIDR 8.0935487e-05
2,954 Magpie: Python at Speed and Scale using Cloud Backends 2021 CIDR 7.8262582e-05
3,080 Compiling PL/SQL Away 2020 CIDR 7.603389e-05
3,407 End-to-end Optimization of Machine Learning Prediction Queries 2022 SIGMOD 7.1295646e-05
3,648 One WITH RECURSIVE is Worth Many GOTOs 2021 SIGMOD 6.8831123e-05
3,875 Cloudy with High Chance of DBMS: A 10-year Prediction for Enterprise-Grade ML 2020 CIDR 6.675257e-05
4,582 BlackMagic: Automatic Inlining of Scalar UDFs into SQL Queries with Froid 2019 VLDB 6.070187e-05
4,648 Aggify: Lifting the Curse of Cursor Loops using Custom Aggregates 2020 SIGMOD 6.0247446e-05
4,828 Reactors: A Case for Predictable, Virtualized Actor Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 5.893685e-05
4,909 A Method for Optimizing Opaque Filter Queries 2020 SIGMOD 5.8338804e-05
5,476 Containerized Execution of UDFs: An Experimental Evaluation 2022 VLDB 5.4866534e-05
5,570 iTurboGraph: Scaling and Automating Incremental Graph Analytics 2021 SIGMOD 5.4284968e-05
5,731 Babelfish: Efficient Execution of Polyglot Queries 2022 VLDB 5.3502065e-05
6,108 PL/SQL Without the PL 2020 SIGMOD 5.2059662e-05
6,212 Snakes on a Plan: Compiling Python Functions into Plain SQL Queries 2022 SIGMOD 5.1552576e-05
6,245 Iterative Query Processing based on Unified Optimization Techniques 2019 SIGMOD 5.1391202e-05
6,375 Dear User-Defined Functions, Inlining isn't working out so great for us. Let's try batching to make our relationship work. Sincerely, SQL 2024 CIDR 5.0923872e-05
6,378 Mitigating the Impedance Mismatch between Prediction Query Execution and Database Engine 2025 SIGMOD 5.0909804e-05
6,409 Fine-Grained Lineage for Safer Notebook Interactions 2021 VLDB 5.0756653e-05
6,645 Functional-Style SQL UDFs With a Capital 'F' 2020 SIGMOD 4.978205e-05
6,692 WeBridge: Synthesizing Stored Procedures for Large-Scale Real-World Web Applications 2024 SIGMOD 4.9599916e-05
6,701 YeSQL: “You extend SQL” with Rich and Highly Performant User-Defined Functions in Relational Databases 2022 VLDB 4.9561066e-05
6,990 Machine Learning, Linear Algebra, and More: Is SQL All You Need? 2022 CIDR 4.8704904e-05
7,328 BOSS - An Architecture for Database Kernel Composition 2024 VLDB 4.7610909e-05
7,476 Lachesis: Automatic Partitioning for UDF-Centric Analytics 2021 VLDB 4.7188928e-05
8,127 Robust Query Processing: Mission Possible 2020 VLDB 4.579056e-05
8,158 MONSOON: Multi-Step Optimization and Execution of Queries with Partially Obscured Predicates 2020 SIGMOD 4.5730772e-05
8,444 Not Black-Box Anymore! Enabling Analytics-Aware Optimizations in Teradata Vantage 2021 VLDB 4.5118994e-05
8,583 Efficient Execution of User-Defined Functions in SQL Queries 2023 VLDB 4.4919445e-05
8,645 Predicate Pushdown for Data Science Pipelines 2023 SIGMOD 4.4772518e-05
8,955 Shedding Light on Opaque Application Queries 2021 SIGMOD 4.4215357e-05
9,343 The Key to Effective UDF Optimization: Before Inlining, First Perform Outlining 2025 VLDB 4.3546206e-05
9,366 In-depth Analysis of Continuous Subgraph Matching in a Common Delta Query Compilation Framework 2024 SIGMOD 4.3493859e-05
9,762 QURE: AI-Assisted and Automatically Verified UDF Inlining 2025 SIGMOD 4.2856106e-05
9,763 The UDFBench Benchmark for General-purpose UDF Queries 2025 VLDB 4.2856106e-05
9,884 SQL Engines Excel at the Execution of Imperative Programs 2024 VLDB 4.2635782e-05
10,253 Scalable GPU Acceleration of Scalar Functions in Analytical Databases: Compilation, Benchmarking, and Optimization 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,412 Query Decorrelation in the Fabric Data Warehouse 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,714 Towards Designing Future-Proof Data Processing Systems 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,061 Optimizing Video Queries with Declarative Clues 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,069 Hardware-Efficient Data Imputation through DBMS Extensibility 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,427 Accelerating Complex Analytics using Speculation 2021 CIDR 4.1945683e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
87 Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine 2013 SIGMOD 0.00052389723
100 Of Nests and Trees: A Unified Approach to Processing Queries That Contain Nested Subqueries, Aggregates, and Quantifiers 1987 VLDB 0.00049624696
130 Optimization of Nested SQL Queries Revisited 1987 SIGMOD 0.00044031247
639 Orthogonal Optimization of Subqueries and Aggregation 2001 SIGMOD 0.00018791492
1,582 Execution Strategies for SQL Subqueries 2007 SIGMOD 0.00011265079
2,867 StatusQuo: Making Familiar Abstractions Perform Using Program Analysis 2013 CIDR 7.9831651e-05
3,296 Extracting Equivalent SQL from Imperative Code in Database Applications 2016 SIGMOD 7.2596583e-05
7,448 DBridge: Translating Imperative Code to SQL 2017 SIGMOD 4.7273104e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,014 Exploiting Correlations for Expensive Predicate Evaluation 2015 SIGMOD 6.5273084e-05
10,459 UDFBench: A Tool for Benchmarking UDF Queries on SQL Engines 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
6,554 Rule-Based Translation of Relational Queries into Iterative Programs 1986 SIGMOD 5.0155947e-05
8,583 Efficient Execution of User-Defined Functions in SQL Queries 2023 VLDB 4.4919445e-05
2,860 Optimization of Queries with User-defined Predicates 1996 VLDB 7.9934503e-05
9,763 The UDFBench Benchmark for General-purpose UDF Queries 2025 VLDB 4.2856106e-05
6,645 Functional-Style SQL UDFs With a Capital 'F' 2020 SIGMOD 4.978205e-05
9,884 SQL Engines Excel at the Execution of Imperative Programs 2024 VLDB 4.2635782e-05
3,296 Extracting Equivalent SQL from Imperative Code in Database Applications 2016 SIGMOD 7.2596583e-05
4,582 BlackMagic: Automatic Inlining of Scalar UDFs into SQL Queries with Froid 2019 VLDB 6.070187e-05