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Twitter Heron: Stream Processing at Scale

Summary: Introduces Heron, a real-time stream engine to replace Storm at Twitter, addressing scale, debuggability, performance, and manageability. Design insights and empirical evidence of efficiency and scalability as Twitter’s de facto streaming backend. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5075
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2015
Pagerank
0.0001573018
Overall Rank
612 | 95.81%
DOI
10.1145/2723372.2723374

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{kulkarni_sigmod15,
        title = {{Twitter Heron: Stream Processing at Scale}},
        author = {Kulkarni, Sanjeev and Bhagat, Nikunj and Fu, Maosong and Kedigehalli, Vikas and Kellogg, Christopher and Mittal, Sailesh and Patel, Jignesh M. and Ramasamy, Karthik and Taneja, Siddarth},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '15},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/2723372.2723374},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2723372.2723374},
        year = {2015}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 45 of 45 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,224 Dhalion: Self-Regulating Stream Processing in Heron 2017 VLDB 0.00011596911
1,389 Realtime Data Processing at Facebook 2016 SIGMOD 0.00010943767
1,895 Samza: Stateful Scalable Stream Processing at LinkedIn 2017 VLDB 9.5260291e-05
2,209 Regular Path Query Evaluation on Streaming Graphs 2020 SIGMOD 8.9437338e-05
2,755 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.163097e-05
3,087 How to Win a Hot Dog Eating Contest: Distributed Incremental View Maintenance with Batch Updates 2016 SIGMOD 7.7702906e-05
3,117 Chi: A Scalable and Programmable Control Plane for Distributed Stream Processing Systems 2018 VLDB 7.7382559e-05
3,306 Frontier: Resilient Edge Processing for the Internet of Things 2018 VLDB 7.5387095e-05
3,320 Autoscaling Tiered Cloud Storage in Anna 2019 VLDB 7.5223482e-05
4,278 Consistent Regions: Guaranteed Tuple Processing in IBM Streams 2016 VLDB 6.7871785e-05
4,632 LogStore: A Cloud-Native and Multi-Tenant Log Database 2021 SIGMOD 6.5938641e-05
5,206 BriskStream: Scaling Data Stream Processing on Shared-Memory Multicore Architectures 2019 SIGMOD 6.3180444e-05
5,539 TcpRT: Instrument and Diagnostic Analysis System for Service Quality of Cloud Databases at Massive Scale in Real-time 2018 SIGMOD 6.1817228e-05
5,756 Clonos: Consistent Causal Recovery for Highly-Available Streaming Dataflows 2021 SIGMOD 6.097233e-05
6,004 Data Ingestion for the Connected World 2017 CIDR 6.0124846e-05
6,344 Towards General and Efficient Online Tuning for Spark 2023 VLDB 5.9060457e-05
6,410 A Holistic View of Stream Partitioning Costs 2017 VLDB 5.884019e-05
6,868 Incremental Sliding Window Connectivity over Streaming Graphs 2024 VLDB 5.7501594e-05
7,294 Hazelcast Jet: Low-latency Stream Processing at the 99.99th Percentile 2021 VLDB 5.6532162e-05
7,728 TSCache: An Efficient Flash-based Caching Scheme for Time-series Data Workloads 2021 VLDB 5.5575012e-05
8,017 Data Management for Social Networking 2016 PODS 5.5064531e-05
8,072 Operational Analytics Data Management Systems 2016 VLDB 5.4933919e-05
8,309 Spur: Mitigating Slow Instances in Large-Scale Streaming Pipelines 2020 SIGMOD 5.4560857e-05
8,494 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.4142129e-05
9,077 Enabling Signal Processing over Data Streams 2017 SIGMOD 5.3251649e-05
9,336 Elasticutor: Rapid Elasticity for Realtime Stateful Stream Processing 2019 SIGMOD 5.2878276e-05
9,633 Scabbard: Single-Node Fault-Tolerant Stream Processing 2022 VLDB 5.2434488e-05
9,637 Dhalion in Action: Automatic Management of Streaming Applications 2018 VLDB 5.2434488e-05
9,898 ContTune: Continuous Tuning by Conservative Bayesian Optimization for Distributed Stream Data Processing Systems 2023 VLDB 5.1997534e-05
9,968 Railgun: managing large streaming windows under MAD requirements 2021 VLDB 5.1869874e-05
10,337 Accelerating Stream Processing Engines via Hardware Offloading 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,579 Meerkat: Scalable, Network-Aware Failure Recovery for the Internet of Things 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,176 Fault Tolerance Placement in the Internet of Things 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,633 Synchronization Schemas 2021 PODS 5.093636e-05
11,665 Klink: Progress-Aware Scheduling for Streaming Data Systems 2021 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,683 Real-time Data Infrastructure at Uber 2021 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,820 InvaliDB: Scalable Push-Based Real-Time Queries on Top of Pull-Based Databases (Extended) 2020 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,868 Online Template Induction for Machine-Generated Emails 2019 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,914 Robust, Scalable, Real-Time Event Time Series Aggregation at Twitter 2018 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,933 Challenges and Experiences in Building an Efficient Apache Beam Runner For IBM Streams 2018 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,979 Query Processing Techniques for Big Spatial-Keyword Data 2017 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
12,008 CarStream: An Industrial System of Big Data Processing for Internet-of-Vehicles 2017 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,010 Upsortable: Programming Top-K Queries Over Data Streams 2017 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,022 Toward High-Performance Distributed Stream Processing via Approximate Fault Tolerance 2017 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,050 The Challenges of Global-scale Data Management 2016 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
220 Storm @Twitter 2014 SIGMOD 0.00024244587
224 MillWheel: Fault-Tolerant Stream Processing at Internet Scale 2013 VLDB 0.00024130894
1,171 Photon: Fault-tolerant and Scalable Joining of Continuous Data Streams 2013 SIGMOD 0.00011826434
1,274 Querying and Mining Data Streams: You Only Get One Look 2002 SIGMOD 0.00011377527
1,639 Summingbird: A Framework for Integrating Batch and Online MapReduce Computations 2014 VLDB 0.00010155021
2,838 Continuous Queries in Oracle 2007 VLDB 8.0685625e-05
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