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Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer

Summary: Neo (Neural Optimizer) uses deep neural networks to generate query execution plans, offering a learning-based alternative to hand-tuned optimizers. Bootstrapped from traditional optimizers, it learns from live queries, adapts to data patterns, is robust to estimation errors, and can match or surpass state-of-the-art engines. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
11860
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00027301488
Overall Rank
329 | 97.72%
DOI
10.14778/3342263.3342644

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 171 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
606 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00019251186
634 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00018844568
752 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00017138049
804 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001643674
819 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016237497
905 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00015423174
1,404 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.00012179714
1,608 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011169837
1,631 CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex 2022 VLDB 0.00011071662
1,699 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010848882
1,727 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010731889
1,892 Black or White? How to Develop an AutoTuner for Memory-based Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010176219
2,090 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 9.5668285e-05
2,364 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 8.955077e-05
2,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5569576e-05
2,595 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 8.4725961e-05
2,660 Vertica-ML: Distributed Machine Learning in Vertica Database 2020 SIGMOD 8.3614044e-05
2,769 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.1512848e-05
2,781 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 8.1282042e-05
3,066 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 7.6255556e-05
3,167 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 7.4561078e-05
3,241 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 7.32744e-05
3,345 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 7.1908499e-05
3,435 Real-time Workload Pattern Analysis for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2023 VLDB 7.0946114e-05
3,466 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.0645718e-05
3,623 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 6.9017341e-05
3,729 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 6.8078013e-05
3,777 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.7713324e-05
3,819 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 6.7267885e-05
3,992 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.5519369e-05
4,056 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4905689e-05
4,086 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 6.4579358e-05
4,151 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 6.4020605e-05
4,352 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 6.2542257e-05
4,377 HUNTER: An Online Cloud Database Hybrid Tuning System for Personalized Requirements 2022 SIGMOD 6.2331947e-05
4,382 HTAP Databases: What is New and What is Next 2022 SIGMOD 6.2318984e-05
4,385 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 6.2247394e-05
4,413 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 6.1989918e-05
4,431 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.1870601e-05
4,448 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 6.1741316e-05
4,464 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 6.1552798e-05
4,469 Comprehensive and Efficient Workload Compression 2021 VLDB 6.1535623e-05
4,572 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 6.068399e-05
4,587 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.0594195e-05
4,592 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 6.056004e-05
4,658 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.0084453e-05
4,687 Deploying a Steered Query Optimizer in Production at Microsoft 2022 SIGMOD 5.9915268e-05
4,799 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 5.9082876e-05
4,800 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 5.9077188e-05
5,129 The Art of Balance: A RateupDBTM Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 5.6724875e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
71 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059446482
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
181 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00036970794
203 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00034868567
224 CORDS: Automatic Discovery of Correlations and Soft Functional Dependencies 2004 SIGMOD 0.00032743209
293 Deep Learning for Entity Matching: A Design Space Exploration 2018 SIGMOD 0.00028661817
454 An Overview of Query Optimization in Relational Systems 1998 PODS 0.00022796106
627 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00018959896
680 Towards a Robust Query Optimizer: A Principled and Practical Approach 2005 SIGMOD 0.00018193263
796 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016541749
1,340 HoloDetect: Few-Shot Learning for Error Detection 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012492795
1,727 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010731889
2,154 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2018 VLDB 9.4176683e-05
3,658 Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 6.8700949e-05
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