Database Paper Browser

Back to papers

Effectively Learning Spatial Indices

Summary: Proposes a learned index for 2D spatial data using rank-space ordering to form an indexable sequence and block-wise learning for scalability. A recursive partitioning strategy, with experiments on 100M+ points, yields query speedups of over an order of magnitude versus R-trees and prior learned indexes. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12120
Venue
VLDB
Year
2020
Pagerank
8.3252088e-05
Overall Rank
2,678 | 81.38%
DOI
10.14778/3407790.3407829

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,084 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.4622113e-05
4,128 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4292373e-05
4,646 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 6.0250374e-05
5,074 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7175726e-05
5,314 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 5.5724608e-05
5,319 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 5.5713974e-05
5,572 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.4277273e-05
5,671 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 5.3803919e-05
6,424 Range Search over Encrypted Multi-Attribute Data 2023 VLDB 5.0670573e-05
6,445 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 5.0589805e-05
6,492 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 5.042727e-05
6,984 Replicated Layout for In-Memory Database Systems 2022 VLDB 4.873081e-05
7,042 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 4.8541986e-05
7,390 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7431654e-05
7,654 LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 4.687476e-05
8,359 Waffle: A Workload-Aware and Query-Sensitive Framework for Disk-Based Spatial Indexing 2023 VLDB 4.5372925e-05
8,405 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 4.5224126e-05
8,636 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 4.4801284e-05
8,948 One Seed, Two Birds: A Unified Learned Structure for Exact and Approximate Counting 2024 SIGMOD 4.423786e-05
9,485 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 4.3341665e-05
9,605 Waffle: In-memory Grid Index for Moving Objects with Reinforcement Learning-based Configuration Tuning System 2022 VLDB 4.3177432e-05
9,827 PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy 2023 SIGMOD 4.2751057e-05
10,180 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,319 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,385 Optimizing Block Skipping for High-Dimensional Data with Learned Adaptive Curve 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,980 BT-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based Index for Big Trajectory Data 2024 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,136 Efficient Cost Modeling of Space-filling Curves 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,279 Demonstrating Waffle: A Self-driving Grid Index 2023 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,335 Faster and Better Solution to Embed Lp Metrics by Tree Metrics 2022 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0032169493
5 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.0018397217
6 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0016162015
24 The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Index For Multi-Dimensional Objects 1987 VLDB 0.00083378538
47 Nearest Neighbor Queries 1995 SIGMOD 0.0007015885
56 Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees 1985 SIGMOD 0.00065631356
102 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049545203
216 A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching 1984 PODS 0.00033542705
354 Hilbert R-tree: An Improved R-tree Using Fractals 1994 VLDB 0.00026137988
769 Client-Server Paradise 1994 VLDB 0.00016918508
801 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016505496
826 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016224841
857 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00015882892
931 The Pyramid-Technique: Towards Breaking the Curse of Dimensionality 1998 SIGMOD 0.00015238406
1,249 Fractals for Secondary Key Retrieval 1989 PODS 0.00013044758
1,375 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012303141
1,478 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011762542
1,611 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011147324
1,774 Query and Update Efficient B+-Tree Based Indexing of Moving Objects 2004 VLDB 0.00010604097
2,115 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 9.5257379e-05
2,144 The LSD tree: spatial access to multidimensional point and non-point objects 1989 VLDB 9.4416732e-05
3,255 A Revised R*-tree in Comparison with Related Index Structures 2009 SIGMOD 7.3160522e-05
7,054 Theoretically Optimal and Empirically Efficient R-trees with Strong Parallelizability 2018 VLDB 4.8496866e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
648 Efficient Retrieval of the Top-k Most Relevant Spatial Web Objects 2009 VLDB 0.00018666267
7,390 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7431654e-05
1,460 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011887068
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0032169493
5,074 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7175726e-05
9,485 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 4.3341665e-05
1,514 Indexing Land Surface for Efficient kNN Query 2008 VLDB 0.00011593275
5,572 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.4277273e-05
9,767 Adaptive Indexing of Objects with Spatial Extent 2023 VLDB 4.2856106e-05
102 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049545203