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A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: Comprehensive survey and experimental comparison of 13 graph-based ANNS algorithms, using a new taxonomy and a fine-grained pipeline. Uniform evaluation on eight real-world and twelve synthetic datasets reveals trends, actionable guidance, and principled directions toward improved, state-of-the-art ANNS. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12378
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00016917602
Overall Rank
770 | 94.65%
DOI
10.14778/3476249.3476255

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 67 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,023 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 9.7544991e-05
2,324 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 9.0326444e-05
2,690 Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment 2024 SIGMOD 8.293714e-05
2,811 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 8.0806307e-05
2,971 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 7.7970531e-05
3,400 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 7.1405533e-05
3,609 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 6.9215236e-05
3,624 SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 6.9056e-05
4,551 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 6.092287e-05
4,598 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 6.0586236e-05
4,731 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 5.966659e-05
5,129 Navigating Labels and Vectors: A Unified Approach to Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 5.6755204e-05
5,184 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.6406991e-05
5,233 RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 5.6131833e-05
5,569 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4290942e-05
6,376 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 5.0916875e-05
7,095 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 4.8350023e-05
7,193 AquaPipe: A Quality-Aware Pipeline for Knowledge Retrieval and Large Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.8039257e-05
7,239 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 4.792836e-05
7,316 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 4.7640297e-05
7,544 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 4.7149033e-05
7,611 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 4.6964271e-05
7,837 GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2025 VLDB 4.6379694e-05
7,843 Subspace Collision: An Efficient and Accurate Framework for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.6367909e-05
7,879 PDX: A Data Layout for Vector Similarity Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.6292417e-05
8,157 TOD: GPU-accelerated Outlier Detection via Tensor Operations 2023 VLDB 4.5730908e-05
8,171 GTS: GPU-based Tree Index for Fast Similarity Search 2024 SIGMOD 4.5688498e-05
8,245 MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.5514956e-05
8,424 DIGRA: A Dynamic Graph Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Range Filter 2025 SIGMOD 4.5163161e-05
8,425 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.5163161e-05
8,439 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 4.5128946e-05
8,485 Maximum Inner Product is Query-Scaled Nearest Neighbor 2025 VLDB 4.4999394e-05
8,497 DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation Graph 2025 SIGMOD 4.4981377e-05
8,899 Fast Approximate Similarity Join in Vector Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.427232e-05
9,291 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.3619549e-05
9,552 Cohesiveness-aware Hierarchical Compressed Index for Community Search on Attributed Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 4.3254416e-05
9,880 CoTra: Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA 2026 SIGMOD 4.2643674e-05
9,914 RWalks: Random Walks as Attribute Diffusers for Filtered Vector Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.2561557e-05
10,007 Proximity Graphs for Similarity Search: Fast Construction, Lower Bounds, and Euclidean Separation 2026 PODS 4.1945683e-05
10,031 PGTuner: An Efficient Framework for Automatic and Transferable Configuration Tuning of Proximity Graphs 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,039 VecFlow: A High-Performance Vector Data Management System for Filtered-Search on GPUs 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,042 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,052 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,054 Beyond Vector Search: Querying With and Without Predicates 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,071 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,073 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Hemi-Sphere Centroids Graph 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,095 NeurStore: Efficient In-database Deep Learning Model Management System 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,111 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,129 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,146 CANDOR-Bench: Benchmarking In-Memory Continuous ANNS under Dynamic Open-World Streams [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
79 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00056242144
212 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00033913475
330 The Query By Image Content (QBIC) System 1995 SIGMOD 0.00027229588
562 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00020091752
736 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00017447617
1,010 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00014652858
1,364 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012370117
2,435 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 8.8252237e-05
5,352 Permutation Search Methods are Efficient, Yet Faster Search is Possible 2015 VLDB 5.5529869e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,566 Unleashing Graph Partitioning for Large-Scale Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
8,245 MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 4.5514956e-05
10,166 FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
5,569 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4290942e-05
1,364 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012370117
10,052 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,073 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Hemi-Sphere Centroids Graph 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
212 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00033913475
10,165 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
2,023 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 9.7544991e-05