Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation

Summary: Fauce is a join cardinality estimator learning correlations across columns and tables with deep ensembles. It yields 10x faster inference and 1.3x–6.7x lower error on complex queries, and it is the first DL-based estimator to embed uncertainty. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 12378
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2021
Pagerank: 7.0435484e-05
Overall Rank: 3,492 | 75.74%
DOI: 10.14778/3476249.3476254

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
3,269	Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study	2022	SIGMOD	7.3026051e-05
3,345	Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer	2023	VLDB	7.1908499e-05
3,729	Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection	2022	VLDB	6.8078013e-05
3,992	FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries	2023	SIGMOD	6.5519369e-05
4,413	Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads	2023	VLDB	6.1989918e-05
4,431	Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process	2022	SIGMOD	6.1870601e-05
5,373	Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing	2022	VLDB	5.5410059e-05
5,405	ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads	2024	VLDB	5.5243727e-05
5,978	SafeBound: A Practical System for Generating Cardinality Bounds	2023	SIGMOD	5.2424396e-05
6,382	Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning	2024	VLDB	5.0835686e-05
7,118	ASM: Harmonizing Autoregressive Model, Sampling, and Multi-dimensional Statistics Merging for Cardinality Estimation	2024	SIGMOD	4.8204951e-05
7,122	Debunking the Myth of Join Ordering: Toward Robust SQL Analytics	2025	SIGMOD	4.8199209e-05
7,220	Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation	2023	SIGMOD	4.7926382e-05
7,742	Rethinking Learned Cost Models: Why Start from Scratch?	2023	SIGMOD	4.6585812e-05
8,585	A Spark Optimizer for Adaptive, Fine-Grained Parameter Tuning	2024	VLDB	4.4856045e-05
8,834	ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation	2024	SIGMOD	4.4351469e-05
8,854	Optimizing the cloud? Don't train models. Build oracles!	2024	CIDR	4.4306537e-05
9,408	CAFE: Towards Compact, Adaptive, and Fast Embedding for Large-scale Recommendation Models	2024	SIGMOD	4.3399748e-05
9,414	Experimental Analysis of Large-scale Learnable Vector Storage Compression	2024	VLDB	4.3399748e-05
9,628	Approximate Sketches	2024	SIGMOD	4.3102157e-05
9,824	Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement	2025	SIGMOD	4.2710095e-05
9,877	PRICE: A Pretrained Model for Cross-Database Cardinality Estimation	2025	VLDB	4.2615675e-05
9,959	An Elephant Under The Microscope: Analyzing The Interaction Of Optimizer Components In PostgreSQL	2025	SIGMOD	4.2254157e-05
10,018	GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,203	Reqo: A Comprehensive Learning-Based Cost Model for Robust and Explainable Query Optimization	2026	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
10,598	ACE: A Cardinality Estimator for Set-Valued Queries	2025	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
10,863	Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges	2025	VLDB	4.1905499e-05
11,192	Efficient and Effective Cardinality Estimation for Skyline Family	2023	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05
11,196	A Step Toward Deep Online Aggregation	2023	SIGMOD	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
71	How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really?	2016	VLDB	0.00059446482
101	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049778866
181	LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer	2001	VLDB	0.00036970794
183	Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning	2017	SIGMOD	0.00036859633
203	Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning	2019	CIDR	0.00034868567
512	STHoles: A Multidimensional Workload-Aware Histogram	2001	SIGMOD	0.00021385343
606	DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries!	2020	VLDB	0.00019251186
752	Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation	2020	VLDB	0.00017138049
905	NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables	2021	VLDB	0.00015423174
1,104	Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling	2017	CIDR	0.0001398479
1,239	Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models	2019	VLDB	0.00013091459
1,464	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.0001184772
1,536	Lightweight Graphical Models for Selectivity Estimation Without Independence Assumptions	2011	VLDB	0.00011458359
1,699	Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation?	2021	VLDB	0.00010848882
1,701	An Efficient Bitmap Encoding Scheme for Selection Queries	1999	SIGMOD	0.00010828605
2,082	Efficient Discovery of Approximate Dependencies	2018	VLDB	9.5875364e-05
2,143	Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation: Tighter Upper Bounds for Intermediate Join Cardinalities	2019	SIGMOD	9.4437798e-05
2,167	Self-Tuning, GPU-Accelerated Kernel Density Models for Multidimensional Selectivity Estimation	2015	SIGMOD	9.3879598e-05
2,364	Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries	2020	SIGMOD	8.955077e-05
2,589	Database Learning: Toward a Database that Becomes Smarter Every Time	2017	SIGMOD	8.4868591e-05
2,769	FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation	2021	VLDB	8.1512848e-05
2,781	Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter	2021	VLDB	8.1282042e-05
2,971	Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models	2017	VLDB	7.7935535e-05
3,725	Estimating Cardinalities with Deep Sketches	2019	SIGMOD	6.8117015e-05
3,955	Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models	2020	VLDB	6.5895015e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
9,725	Cardinality Estimation of LIKE Predicate Queries using Deep Learning	2025	SIGMOD	4.290223e-05
4,543	FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator	2022	VLDB	6.0953507e-05
7,220	Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation	2023	SIGMOD	4.7926382e-05
4,431	Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process	2022	SIGMOD	6.1870601e-05
203	Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning	2019	CIDR	0.00034868567
3,992	FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries	2023	SIGMOD	6.5519369e-05
3,455	Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation	2022	VLDB	7.0760196e-05
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3,924	A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation	2021	SIGMOD	6.6227223e-05
752	Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation	2020	VLDB	0.00017138049