Scaling Replicated State Machines with Compartmentalization

Summary: Introduces compartmentalization as the first comprehensive method to decouple and independently scale bottlenecks in replicated state machines (e.g., MultiPaxos, Raft). Achieves 6× write-only and 16× mixed throughput without specialized hardware; a protocol-agnostic technique that can be adopted incrementally by existing protocols. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 12398
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2021
Pagerank: 5.8524216e-05
Overall Rank: 4,890 | 65.99%
DOI: 10.14778/3476249.3476273

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
4,715	PigPaxos: Devouring the Communication Bottlenecks in Distributed Consensus	2021	SIGMOD	5.9758896e-05
7,493	Nezha: Deployable and High-Performance Consensus Using Synchronized Clocks	2023	VLDB	4.7180617e-05
8,243	In-Network Leaderless Replication for Distributed Data Stores	2022	VLDB	4.5518393e-05
9,269	Optimizing Distributed Protocols with Query Rewrites	2024	SIGMOD	4.3655761e-05
10,559	FLEET: High-Performance Durable Replicated State Machines using Scattered and Coordinated Log Entries	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
11,153	FlexiRaft: Flexible Quorums with Raft	2023	CIDR	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
122	Calvin: Fast Distributed Transactions for Partitioned Database Systems	2012	SIGMOD	0.00045316749
390	CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database	2020	SIGMOD	0.00024607299
3,739	Harmonia: Near-Linear Scalability for Replicated Storage with In-Network Conflict Detection	2020	VLDB	6.8031881e-05
4,347	Tunable Consistency in MongoDB	2019	VLDB	6.269146e-05
4,715	PigPaxos: Devouring the Communication Bottlenecks in Distributed Consensus	2021	SIGMOD	5.9758896e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
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5,400	Replication, Consistency, and Practicality: Are These Mutually Exclusive?	1998	SIGMOD	5.5290116e-05
6,358	Dissecting the Performance of Strongly-Consistent Replication Protocols	2019	SIGMOD	5.0969837e-05
1,957	On the Design and Scalability of Distributed Shared-Data Databases	2015	SIGMOD	9.9598319e-05
5,357	Serializability, not Serial: Concurrency Control and Availability in Multi-Datacenter Datastores	2012	VLDB	5.5505953e-05
4,715	PigPaxos: Devouring the Communication Bottlenecks in Distributed Consensus	2021	SIGMOD	5.9758896e-05
2,834	Low-Latency Multi-Datacenter Databases using Replicated Commit	2013	VLDB	8.0458206e-05
9,269	Optimizing Distributed Protocols with Query Rewrites	2024	SIGMOD	4.3655761e-05
10,618	HoliPaxos: Towards More Predictable Performance in State Machine Replication	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05