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Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System

Summary: Milvus is a purpose-built vector data management system for large-scale dynamic vector data on CPU/GPU and clusters. It offers SDKs/REST, advanced queries beyond similarity search, and scalable updates, outperforming Vearch/SPTAG by up to 100x. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6301
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00022357911
Overall Rank
286 | 98.04%
DOI
10.1145/3448016.3457550

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{wang_sigmod21,
        title = {{Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System}},
        author = {Wang, Jianguo and Yi, Xiaomeng and Guo, Rentong and Jin, Hai and Xu, Peng and Li, Shengjun and Wang, Xiangyu and Guo, Xiangzhou and Li, Chengming and Xu, Xiaohai and Yu, Kun and Yuan, Yuxing and Zou, Yinghao and Long, Jiquan and Cai, Yudong and Li, Zhenxiang and Zhang, Zhifeng and Mo, Yihua and Gu, Jun and Jiang, Ruiyi and Wei, Yi and Xie, Charles},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457550},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457550},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 93 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,357 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00011043994
1,515 ACORN: Performant and Predicate-Agnostic Search Over Vector Embeddings and Structured Data 2024 SIGMOD 0.00010521317
1,589 Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management System 2022 VLDB 0.00010264469
1,631 High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010174628
1,735 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 9.9004924e-05
1,760 Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment 2024 SIGMOD 9.8157819e-05
2,303 SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.7783079e-05
2,920 SingleStore-V: An Integrated Vector Database System in SingleStore 2024 VLDB 7.9628307e-05
3,108 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.7499741e-05
3,286 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 7.5596483e-05
3,335 Navigating Labels and Vectors: A Unified Approach to Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 7.5098031e-05
3,364 Vexless: A Serverless Vector Data Management System Using Cloud Functions 2024 SIGMOD 7.4796687e-05
3,799 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.114484e-05
3,877 An Empirical Evaluation of Columnar Storage Formats 2024 VLDB 7.0532293e-05
4,712 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 6.5506649e-05
5,653 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 6.1332953e-05
5,953 The Tensor Data Platform: Towards an AI-centric Database System 2023 CIDR 6.0309873e-05
6,148 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.9593368e-05
6,334 MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.9093559e-05
6,404 ARKGraph: All-Range Approximate K-Nearest-Neighbor Graph 2023 VLDB 5.8859287e-05
6,432 RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inference 2026 VLDB 5.8801533e-05
6,615 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 5.8214312e-05
6,650 Tribase: A Vector Data Query Engine for Reliable and Lossless Pruning Compression using Triangle Inequalities 2025 SIGMOD 5.8146324e-05
6,765 AquaPipe: A Quality-Aware Pipeline for Knowledge Retrieval and Large Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 5.7808599e-05
6,778 VectraFlow: Integrating Vectors into Stream Processing 2025 CIDR 5.7772535e-05
6,810 FedSQ: A Secure System for Federated Vector Similarity Queries 2024 VLDB 5.766208e-05
6,820 DIGRA: A Dynamic Graph Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Range Filter 2025 SIGMOD 5.7632132e-05
6,851 Maximum Inner Product is Query-Scaled Nearest Neighbor 2025 VLDB 5.7546877e-05
6,995 Chameleon: a Heterogeneous and Disaggregated Accelerator System for Retrieval-Augmented Language Models 2025 VLDB 5.7301567e-05
7,166 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6846045e-05
7,259 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.6613405e-05
7,341 Understanding the Performance Implications of the Design Principles in Storage-Disaggregated Databases 2024 SIGMOD 5.6390976e-05
7,426 Dynamic Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.6211019e-05
7,684 Deep Lake: a Lakehouse for Deep Learning 2023 CIDR 5.5679986e-05
7,720 PDX: A Data Layout for Vector Similarity Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.559007e-05
7,761 DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation Graph 2025 SIGMOD 5.550467e-05
7,826 AlayaDB: The Data Foundation for Efficient and Effective Long-context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 5.53654e-05
7,843 BigVectorBench: Heterogeneous Data Embedding and Compound Queries are Essential in Evaluating Vector Databases 2025 VLDB 5.5333312e-05
8,169 NaviX: A Native Vector Index Design for Graph DBMSs With Robust Predicate-Agnostic Search Performance 2025 VLDB 5.4742745e-05
8,205 VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4666548e-05
8,343 An Interactive Multi-modal Query Answering System with Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 5.448279e-05
8,466 TigerVector: Supporting Vector Search in Graph Databases for Advanced RAGs 2025 SIGMOD 5.4188627e-05
8,781 Fast Vector Search in PostgreSQL: A Decoupled Approach 2026 CIDR 5.374155e-05
8,782 Filtered Vector Search: State-of-the-art and Research Opportunities 2025 VLDB 5.374155e-05
8,898 Cracking Vector Search Indexes 2025 VLDB 5.3495662e-05
9,052 Fast Approximate Similarity Join in Vector Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.3251649e-05
9,145 SIEVE: Effective Filtered Vector Search with Collection of Indexes 2025 VLDB 5.3150984e-05
9,163 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 5.3104846e-05
9,360 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2819088e-05
9,776 Fast Graph Vector Search via Hardware Acceleration and Delayed-Synchronization Traversal 2025 VLDB 5.2209769e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5 Optimal Aggregation Algorithms for Middleware [Extended Abstract] 2001 PODS 0.0010828372
21 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.00056760516
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
73 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00037333356
93 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034701237
148 Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database 2015 VLDB 0.00029250767
406 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00019054532
805 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00013891999
1,065 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012335063
1,411 word2vec, node2vec, graph2vec, X2vec: Towards a Theory of Vector Embeddings of Structured Data 2020 PODS 0.00010852334
1,430 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.0001080902
1,546 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 0.00010407159
2,010 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.3085202e-05
2,224 An Experimental Study of Bitmap Compression vs. Inverted List Compression 2017 SIGMOD 8.9183396e-05
2,938 FEXIPRO: Fast and Exact Inner Product Retrieval in Recommender Systems 2017 SIGMOD 7.942728e-05
3,389 Intelligent Probing for Locality Sensitive Hashing: Multi-Probe LSH and Beyond 2017 VLDB 7.4525222e-05
3,692 Db2 Event Store: A Purpose-Built IoT Database Engine 2020 VLDB 7.199318e-05
3,697 Aggregation Support for Modern Graph Analytics in TigerGraph 2020 SIGMOD 7.1903457e-05
3,702 Best Position Algorithms for Top-k Queries 2007 VLDB 7.1838636e-05
5,601 Optimal Join Algorithms Meet Top-k 2020 SIGMOD 6.1540123e-05
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