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Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space
Summary: Formalizes the LSM-compaction design space via four primitives—trigger, data layout, granularity, and data movement policy—enabling synthesis of existing and novel strategies. Empirically evaluates 10 strategies, reports 12 observations and 7 takeaways to help DB researchers navigate tradeoffs in write/read amplification and space for LSM engines.
(summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
- Paper ID
- 12400
- Venue
- VLDB
- Year
- 2021
- Pagerank
- 6.7552936e-05
- Overall Rank
- 3,797 | 73.62%
- DOI
-
10.14778/3476249.3476274
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 24 of 24 citing papers.
| Rank |
Citing Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 3,970 |
Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly |
2022 |
VLDB |
6.5756727e-05 |
| 4,227 |
Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine |
2022 |
VLDB |
6.3381409e-05 |
| 4,948 |
SplinterDB and Maplets: Improving the Tradeoffs in Key-Value Store Compaction Policy |
2023 |
SIGMOD |
5.810122e-05 |
| 5,801 |
Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores |
2022 |
SIGMOD |
5.3217858e-05 |
| 5,868 |
GRF: A Global Range Filter for LSM-Trees with Shape Encoding |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
5.2928769e-05 |
| 6,117 |
Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions |
2022 |
SIGMOD |
5.1992629e-05 |
| 6,394 |
Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty |
2022 |
VLDB |
5.0770427e-05 |
| 7,623 |
Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads |
2023 |
SIGMOD |
4.6890662e-05 |
| 8,011 |
CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
4.6022693e-05 |
| 8,624 |
Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
4.4786127e-05 |
| 8,804 |
ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads |
2026 |
VLDB |
4.4424232e-05 |
| 8,834 |
ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
4.4351469e-05 |
| 8,876 |
MirrorKV: An Efficient Key-Value Store on Hybrid Cloud Storage with Balanced Performance of Compaction and Querying |
2023 |
SIGMOD |
4.4261814e-05 |
| 9,236 |
AutoComp: Automated Data Compaction for Log-Structured Tables in Data Lakes |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.3648789e-05 |
| 9,370 |
FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage |
2024 |
VLDB |
4.3461752e-05 |
| 9,390 |
Rethinking The Compaction Policies in LSM-trees |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.341433e-05 |
| 9,467 |
Disco: A Compact Index for LSM-trees |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.3309383e-05 |
| 9,529 |
Mnemosyne: Dynamic Workload-Aware BF Tuning via Accurate Statistics in LSM trees |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.3251912e-05 |
| 10,176 |
Improving Range Scan Performance in LSM-trees with Group Caching |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,255 |
How to Write to SSDs |
2026 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,418 |
MaLT: A Framework for Managing Large Transactions in OceanBase |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,567 |
BACH: Bridging Adjacency List and CSR Format using LSM-Trees for HGTAP Workloads |
2025 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,684 |
Meaningful Data Erasure in the Presence of Dependencies |
2025 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 11,052 |
On Reducing Space Amplification with Multi-Column Compaction in Apache IoTDB |
2024 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 15 of 15 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank |
Cited Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 379 |
bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree |
2012 |
SIGMOD |
0.00024954332 |
| 568 |
Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB |
2017 |
CIDR |
0.00019932335 |
| 608 |
Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store |
2017 |
SIGMOD |
0.00019233548 |
| 1,309 |
Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging |
2018 |
SIGMOD |
0.00012655712 |
| 1,368 |
SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data |
2017 |
VLDB |
0.0001235708 |
| 1,437 |
AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS |
2014 |
VLDB |
0.00011973401 |
| 1,932 |
X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing |
2019 |
SIGMOD |
0.00010050776 |
| 2,112 |
The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum |
2019 |
SIGMOD |
9.5244583e-05 |
| 2,606 |
Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn |
2019 |
CIDR |
8.4621503e-05 |
| 3,363 |
Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
7.1680649e-05 |
| 3,545 |
Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
6.9831585e-05 |
| 4,572 |
Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines |
2020 |
VLDB |
6.068399e-05 |
| 5,118 |
Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods |
2016 |
SIGMOD |
5.6781464e-05 |
| 5,313 |
Key-Value Storage Engines |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
5.5711707e-05 |
| 6,227 |
An LSM-based Tuple Compaction Framework for Apache AsterixDB |
2020 |
VLDB |
5.1408445e-05 |
Semantically Similar Papers
| Overall Rank |
Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 11,052 |
On Reducing Space Amplification with Multi-Column Compaction in Apache IoTDB |
2024 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 1,957 |
Compaction management in distributed key-value datastores |
2015 |
VLDB |
9.961151e-05 |
| 9,069 |
Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
4.3983078e-05 |
| 7,812 |
CaaS-LSM: Compaction-as-a-Service for LSM-based Key-Value Stores in Storage Disaggregated Infrastructure |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
4.6411266e-05 |
| 7,743 |
Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems |
2019 |
VLDB |
4.6581858e-05 |
| 4,920 |
On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems |
2020 |
VLDB |
5.8262404e-05 |
| 7,217 |
Breaking Down Memory Walls in LSM-based Storage Systems |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
4.7936491e-05 |
| 5,801 |
Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores |
2022 |
SIGMOD |
5.3217858e-05 |
| 9,390 |
Rethinking The Compaction Policies in LSM-trees |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.341433e-05 |
| 6,117 |
Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions |
2022 |
SIGMOD |
5.1992629e-05 |