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Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds

Summary: CARDLEARNER learns cardinalities from past cloud runs, using subgraph templates for accurate estimates. Explores join variations to curb bias, uses many small models, and feeds predictions back to future runs, achieving 5x error reduction and 2-3x speedups. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12118
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00010686496
Overall Rank
1,468 | 89.93%
DOI
10.14778/3291264.3291267

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{wu_vldb19,
        title = {{Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds}},
        author = {Wu, Chenggang and Jindal, Alekh and Amizadeh, Saeed and Patel, Hiren and Le, Wangchao and Qiao, Shi and Rao, Sriram},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {3},
        pages = {210--222},
        doi = {10.14778/3291264.3291267},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3291264.3291267},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 44 of 44 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
1,551 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010381398
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,452 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5584e-05
2,822 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 8.0898536e-05
2,844 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.0608767e-05
2,888 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.9941489e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,086 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7708642e-05
3,162 Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models 2020 VLDB 7.6785856e-05
3,213 Estimating Cardinalities with Deep Sketches 2019 SIGMOD 7.6328677e-05
3,587 HUNTER: An Online Cloud Database Hybrid Tuning System for Personalized Requirements 2022 SIGMOD 7.2829345e-05
3,614 Cloudy with High Chance of DBMS: A 10-year Prediction for Enterprise-Grade ML 2020 CIDR 7.2568185e-05
3,865 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0621718e-05
3,961 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.987575e-05
3,998 Deploying a Steered Query Optimizer in Production at Microsoft 2022 SIGMOD 6.9676473e-05
4,073 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 6.9242783e-05
4,349 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.7504619e-05
4,789 Learned Approximate Query Processing: Make it Light, Accurate and Fast 2021 CIDR 6.5072039e-05
5,059 Steering Query Optimizers: A Practical Take on Big Data Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.3807509e-05
5,101 To Share, or not to Share Online Event Trend Aggregation Over Bursty Event Streams 2021 SIGMOD 6.3642265e-05
5,105 SAM: Database Generation from Query Workloads with Supervised Autoregressive Models 2022 SIGMOD 6.3628539e-05
5,388 Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing 2022 VLDB 6.2362811e-05
6,121 The Cosmos Big Data Platform at Microsoft: Over a Decade of Progress and a Decade to Look Forward 2021 VLDB 5.9688569e-05
6,323 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9141228e-05
6,434 Yannakakis+: Practical Acyclic Query Evaluation with Theoretical Guarantees 2025 SIGMOD 5.8799421e-05
7,580 Sibyl: Forecasting Time-Evolving Query Workloads 2024 SIGMOD 5.5925285e-05
7,619 AutoToken: Predicting Peak Parallelism for Big Data Analytics at Microsoft 2020 VLDB 5.5810604e-05
7,661 Machine Learning for Cloud Data Systems: the Progress so far and the Path Forward 2021 VLDB 5.5736026e-05
8,040 PerfGuard: Deploying ML-for-Systems without Performance Regressions, Almost! 2021 VLDB 5.5018396e-05
8,175 SparkCruise: Workload Optimization in Managed Spark Clusters at Microsoft 2021 VLDB 5.4737932e-05
8,193 Towards Building Autonomous Data Services on Azure 2023 SIGMOD 5.4696038e-05
8,448 Towards Query Optimizer as a Service (QOaaS) in a Unified LakeHouse Ecosystem: Can One QO Rule Them All? 2025 CIDR 5.4235725e-05
8,643 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.3940849e-05
9,224 Phoebe: A Learning-based Checkpoint Optimizer 2021 VLDB 5.3035811e-05
9,958 A Practical Theory of Generalization in Selectivity Learning 2025 VLDB 5.1879626e-05
10,028 PRICE: A Pretrained Model for Cross-Database Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.1745962e-05
11,083 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,206 Understanding and Reusing Test Suites Across Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
30 SCOPE: Easy and Efficient Parallel Processing of Massive Data Sets 2008 VLDB 0.00051174276
32 Hive - A Warehousing Solution Over a Map-Reduce Framework 2009 VLDB 0.00050111008
43 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046060254
86 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00035316107
89 On the Propagation of Errors in the Size of Join Results 1991 SIGMOD 0.00035031529
100 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00034385207
328 An Adaptive Query Execution System for Data Integration* 1999 SIGMOD 0.00021081317
492 Robust Query Processing through Progressive Optimization 2004 SIGMOD 0.0001756877
819 Quickr: Lazily Approximating Complex AdHoc Queries in BigData Clusters 2016 SIGMOD 0.00013815639
1,044 Fine-grained Partitioning for Aggressive Data Skipping 2014 SIGMOD 0.0001244236
2,477 Azure Data Lake Store: A Hyperscale Distributed File Service for Big Data Analytics 2017 SIGMOD 8.5239378e-05
3,605 Computation Reuse in Analytics Job Service at Microsoft 2018 SIGMOD 7.2640711e-05
4,481 Dynamically Optimizing Queries over Large Scale Data Platforms 2014 SIGMOD 6.6754521e-05
4,742 Continuous Cloud-Scale Query Optimization and Processing 2013 VLDB 6.5269203e-05
5,365 A Pay-As-You-Go Framework for Query Execution Feedback 2008 VLDB 6.2462467e-05
7,366 Non-Invasive Progressive Optimization for In-Memory Databases 2016 VLDB 5.6322753e-05
8,831 A Fast Randomized Algorithm for Multi-Objective Query Optimization 2016 SIGMOD 5.3607984e-05
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