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CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm
Summary: CARMI: a cache-aware learned index with an entropy-based partitioning metric and a cost model auto-selecting tree structure and models. Cache-friendly design minimizes memory traffic, delivering 2.2x/1.9x speedups vs B+Tree/ALEX and 1.2x SOSD over tuned RMIs.
(summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
- Paper ID
- 12756
- Venue
- VLDB
- Year
- 2022
- Pagerank
- 5.8884997e-05
- Overall Rank
- 4,830 | 66.44%
- DOI
-
10.14778/3551793.3551823
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 18 of 18 citing papers.
| Rank |
Citing Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 3,419 |
LeCo: Lightweight Compression via Learning Serial Correlations |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
7.1127752e-05 |
| 5,072 |
Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation |
2023 |
VLDB |
5.7121108e-05 |
| 5,327 |
DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index |
2023 |
VLDB |
5.5660777e-05 |
| 6,442 |
Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices |
2023 |
SIGMOD |
5.0541252e-05 |
| 7,389 |
Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
4.7386163e-05 |
| 7,870 |
SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models |
2023 |
SIGMOD |
4.6271153e-05 |
| 8,079 |
Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training |
2024 |
VLDB |
4.5873372e-05 |
| 9,618 |
A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.3131993e-05 |
| 9,745 |
Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? |
2025 |
VLDB |
4.2856385e-05 |
| 10,087 |
High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,172 |
HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,180 |
LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces |
2026 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,331 |
LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search |
2026 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,407 |
VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,494 |
Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store |
2025 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,719 |
DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees |
2025 |
VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 10,952 |
SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index |
2024 |
SIGMOD |
4.1905499e-05 |
| 11,039 |
Blitzcrank: Fast Semantic Compression for In-memory Online Transaction Processing |
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VLDB |
4.1905499e-05 |
Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 21 of 21 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank |
Cited Paper |
Year |
Venue |
Pagerank |
| 101 |
The Case for Learned Index Structures |
2018 |
SIGMOD |
0.00049778866 |
| 104 |
Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory |
2000 |
SIGMOD |
0.00049475932 |
| 203 |
Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning |
2019 |
CIDR |
0.00034868567 |
| 235 |
A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems |
1986 |
VLDB |
0.00031980259 |
| 240 |
Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory |
1999 |
VLDB |
0.00031526134 |
| 382 |
FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs |
2010 |
SIGMOD |
0.00024888997 |
| 622 |
Improving Index Performance through Prefetching |
2001 |
SIGMOD |
0.00018976783 |
| 796 |
SageDB: A Learned Database System |
2019 |
CIDR |
0.00016541749 |
| 819 |
ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
0.00016237497 |
| 844 |
The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds |
2020 |
VLDB |
0.00015964123 |
| 1,300 |
Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes |
2016 |
SIGMOD |
0.00012711153 |
| 1,365 |
FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure |
2019 |
SIGMOD |
0.00012379754 |
| 1,438 |
Benchmarking Learned Indexes |
2021 |
VLDB |
0.00011965956 |
| 1,464 |
Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
0.0001184772 |
| 1,887 |
Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads |
2021 |
VLDB |
0.00010201938 |
| 2,108 |
LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
9.5283642e-05 |
| 2,550 |
Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions |
2021 |
VLDB |
8.5569576e-05 |
| 2,676 |
Effectively Learning Spatial Indices |
2020 |
VLDB |
8.326321e-05 |
| 2,734 |
Efficiently Searching In-Memory Sorted Arrays: Revenge of the Interpolation Search? |
2019 |
SIGMOD |
8.2082721e-05 |
| 3,658 |
Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning |
2019 |
CIDR |
6.8700949e-05 |
| 4,069 |
CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures |
2020 |
SIGMOD |
6.4744708e-05 |
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