FARGO: Fast Maximum Inner Product Search via Global Multi-Probing

Summary: FARGO accelerates high-dimensional MIPS with global multi-probing, ranking promising candidates across hash tables rather than probing locally. Random XBOX transformation avoids imbalance, while adaptive early termination provides fast, theoretically guaranteed search. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID: 13167
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2023
Pagerank: 6.3102417e-05
Overall Rank: 5,223 | 64.17%
DOI: 10.14778/3579075.3579084

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Xi Zhao (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)
2. Bolong Zheng (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)
3. Xiaomeng Yi (Zilliz)
4. Xiaofan Luan (Zilliz)
5. Charles Xie (Zilliz)
6. Xiaofang Zhou (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)
7. Christian S. Jensen (Aalborg University)

BibTeX Citation

@article{zhao_vldb23,
        title = {{FARGO: Fast Maximum Inner Product Search via Global Multi-Probing}},
        author = {Zhao, Xi and Zheng, Bolong and Yi, Xiaomeng and Luan, Xiaofan and Xie, Charles and Zhou, Xiaofang and Jensen, Christian S.},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '23},
        volume = {16},
        number = {5},
        pages = {1100--1112},
        doi = {10.14778/3579075.3579084},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3579075.3579084},
        year = {2023}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
6,765	AquaPipe: A Quality-Aware Pipeline for Knowledge Retrieval and Large Language Models	2025	SIGMOD	5.7808599e-05
6,851	Maximum Inner Product is Query-Scaled Nearest Neighbor	2025	VLDB	5.7546877e-05
6,956	A New Sparse Data Clustering Method Based On Frequent Items	2023	SIGMOD	5.7303405e-05
7,166	Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs	2025	SIGMOD	5.6846045e-05
9,919	Select Edges Wisely: Monotonic Path Aware Graph Layout Optimization for Disk-based ANN Search	2025	VLDB	5.1955087e-05
10,233	Enhancing Graph-based Approximate Maximum Inner Product Search via Norm-Adaptive Partitioning	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
10,364	Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Hemi-Sphere Centroids Graph	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
10,443	Distribution-Aware Exploration for Adaptive HNSW Search	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05
10,493	Reveal Hidden Pitfalls and Navigate Next Generation of Vector Similarity Search from Task-Centric Views: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	5.093636e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
21	Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing	1999	VLDB	0.00056760516
287	Multi-Probe LSH: Efficient Indexing for High-Dimensional Similarity Search	2007	VLDB	0.00022323585
332	Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2016	VLDB	0.00020920444
581	Quality and Efficiency in High Dimensional Nearest Neighbor Search	2009	SIGMOD	0.00016153395
926	Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination	2020	SIGMOD	0.00013181732
1,546	PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search	2020	VLDB	0.00010407159
1,572	LazyLSH: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for Multiple Distance Functions with a Single Index	2016	SIGMOD	0.00010329197
3,806	On the Complexity of Inner Product Similarity Join	2016	PODS	7.108802e-05
3,858	A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash	2018	SIGMOD	7.067591e-05
4,212	Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees	2020	SIGMOD	6.8283344e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	7,240	Randomized Algorithms Accelerated over CPU-GPU for Ultra-High Dimensional Similarity Search	2018	SIGMOD
2	3,623	Fair Near Neighbor Search: Independent Range Sampling in High Dimensions	2020	PODS
3	6,583	Distance-Sensitive Hashing	2018	PODS
4	1,934	Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces	2023	VLDB
5	1,546	PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search	2020	VLDB
6	287	Multi-Probe LSH: Efficient Indexing for High-Dimensional Similarity Search	2007	VLDB
7	3,389	Intelligent Probing for Locality Sensitive Hashing: Multi-Probe LSH and Beyond	2017	VLDB
8	21	Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing	1999	VLDB
9	10,233	Enhancing Graph-based Approximate Maximum Inner Product Search via Norm-Adaptive Partitioning	2026	SIGMOD
10	6,851	Maximum Inner Product is Query-Scaled Nearest Neighbor	2025	VLDB