QED: A Powerful Query Equivalence Decider for SQL
Summary: Qed: a bag-semantics framework using Q-expressions to normalize SQL and model NULLs and integrity constraints for practical equivalence checking. Defines a realistic fragment with a complete decision procedure (given a complete FO solver) and verifies >2× more real-world pairs. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Shuxian Wang (University of California Berkeley)
- 2. Sicheng Pan (University of California Berkeley)
- 3. Alvin Cheung (University of California Berkeley)
BibTeX Citation
@article{wang_vldb24,
title = {{QED: A Powerful Query Equivalence Decider for SQL}},
author = {Wang, Shuxian and Pan, Sicheng and Cheung, Alvin},
journal = {PVLDB},
series = {{VLDB} '24},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {3602--3614},
doi = {10.14778/3681954.3682024},
url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3681954.3682024},
year = {2024}
}Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 6 of 6 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9,945 | ParSEval: Plan-aware Test Database Generation for SQL Equivalence Evaluation | 2025 | VLDB | 5.1915905e-05 |
| 10,139 | Leveraging Query Optimizers to Verify the Soundness of LLM-based Query Rewrites for Real-World Workloads, and More! | 2026 | CIDR | 5.093636e-05 |
| 10,199 | Automated Discovery of Test Oracles for Database Management Systems Using LLMs | 2026 | SIGMOD | 5.093636e-05 |
| 10,220 | Dialect-Agnostic SQL Parsing via LLM-Based Segmentation | 2026 | SIGMOD | 5.093636e-05 |
| 11,007 | GRewriter: Practical Query Rewriting with Automatic Rule Set Expansion in GaussDB | 2025 | VLDB | 5.093636e-05 |
| 11,024 | Horizon: Robust Checks for SQL Migration Using LLMs | 2025 | VLDB | 5.093636e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 7 of 7 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 208 | CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database | 2020 | SIGMOD | 0.00024968157 |
| 445 | Apache Calcite: A Foundational Framework for Optimized Query Processing Over Heterogeneous Data Sources | 2018 | SIGMOD | 0.00018336751 |
| 1,829 | Axiomatic Foundations and Algorithms for Deciding Semantic Equivalences of SQL Queries | 2018 | VLDB | 9.6671311e-05 |
| 2,503 | The Semiring Framework for Database Provenance | 2017 | PODS | 8.4964654e-05 |
| 3,172 | Demonstration of the Cosette Automated SQL Prover | 2017 | SIGMOD | 7.6679093e-05 |
| 3,327 | Automated Verification of Query Equivalence Using Satisfiability Modulo Theories | 2019 | VLDB | 7.518491e-05 |
| 3,925 | A Formal Semantics of SQL Queries, Its Validation, and Applications | 2018 | VLDB | 7.0140857e-05 |
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Semantically Similar Papers
| # | Overall Rank | Paper | Year | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10,358 | Detecting Logic Bugs in DBMSs via Equivalent Data Construction | 2026 | SIGMOD |
| 2 | 9,945 | ParSEval: Plan-aware Test Database Generation for SQL Equivalence Evaluation | 2025 | VLDB |
| 3 | 910 | Cosette: An Automated Prover for SQL | 2017 | CIDR |
| 4 | 3,769 | Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic | 2023 | SIGMOD |
| 5 | 5,062 | Equivalence of Queries Combining Set and Bag-Set Semantics | 2006 | PODS |
| 6 | 1,829 | Axiomatic Foundations and Algorithms for Deciding Semantic Equivalences of SQL Queries | 2018 | VLDB |
| 7 | 8,798 | GEqO: ML-Accelerated Semantic Equivalence Detection | 2023 | SIGMOD |
| 8 | 12,492 | Equivalence of SQL Queries In Presence of Embedded Dependencies | 2009 | PODS |
| 9 | 3,327 | Automated Verification of Query Equivalence Using Satisfiability Modulo Theories | 2019 | VLDB |
| 10 | 11,326 | Demonstration of the VeriEQL Equivalence Checker for Complex SQL Queries | 2024 | VLDB |