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VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: VSAG: an open-source production framework that accelerates graph-based ANNS by reducing L3 cache misses (prefetching + cache-friendly vector layout) and cutting distance costs via hardware-aware low-precision/scalar quantization. It also auto-tunes algorithm parameters without index rebuilds; deployed at Ant Group and shows up to 4× speedup over HNSWlib at equal accuracy on real datasets. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
14104
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
4.5537353e-05
Overall Rank
8,208 | 42.96%
DOI
10.14778/3750601.3750624

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,158 Efficient and Robust Out-Of-Distribution Vector Similarity Search with Cross-Distribution Monotonic Graph 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,166 FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,237 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,299 RED-ANNS: An RDMA-Enabled Distributed Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
34 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.00076824554
210 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034086264
494 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00021769407
579 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme Based on Dynamic Collision Counting 2012 SIGMOD 0.0001982328
858 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00015833075
1,252 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00013023834
2,002 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 9.8258191e-05
2,160 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 9.4037759e-05
2,264 Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management System 2022 VLDB 9.1587362e-05
2,287 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 9.1004806e-05
2,687 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 8.3079951e-05
2,772 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 8.1491893e-05
3,403 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 7.1338786e-05
4,600 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 6.0528015e-05
5,577 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.423881e-05
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