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A Critique of ANSI SQL Isolation Levels

Summary: ANSI SQL-92 isolation levels critiqued: phenomena-based criteria and locking semantics mischaracterize common levels. Investigates ambiguity, formalizes phenomena, introduces new ones, and defines Snapshot Isolation as a central multiversion isolation type. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2784
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1995
Pagerank
0.00083899338
Overall Rank
23 | 99.85%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 134 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,087 Hybrid Garbage Collection for Multi-Version Concurrency Control in SAP HANA 2016 SIGMOD 6.4571437e-05
4,340 Quantifying Isolation Anomalies 2009 VLDB 6.269792e-05
4,344 Tunable Consistency in MongoDB 2019 VLDB 6.2632559e-05
4,447 MorphoSys: Automatic Physical Design Metamorphosis for Distributed Database Systems 2020 VLDB 6.1745324e-05
4,597 Scalable Replay-Based Replication For Fast Databases 2017 VLDB 6.0539632e-05
4,634 SlimChain: Scaling Blockchain Transactions through Off-Chain Storage and Parallel Processing 2021 VLDB 6.0281824e-05
4,639 Fast Scans on Key-Value Stores 2017 VLDB 6.0229334e-05
4,659 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 6.0076537e-05
4,771 Minimizing Commit Latency of Transactions in Geo-Replicated Data Stores 2015 SIGMOD 5.928282e-05
5,020 Adaptive HTAP through Elastic Resource Scheduling 2020 SIGMOD 5.7482116e-05
5,129 The Art of Balance: A RateupDBTM Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 5.6724875e-05
5,414 Remus: Efficient Live Migration for Distributed Databases with Snapshot Isolation 2022 SIGMOD 5.5189294e-05
5,653 ConfluxDB: Multi-Master Replication for Partitioned Snapshot Isolation Databases 2014 VLDB 5.3882453e-05
5,835 Ad Hoc Transactions in Web Applications: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 2022 SIGMOD 5.3080741e-05
5,848 MaSM: Efficient Online Updates in Data Warehouses 2011 SIGMOD 5.3023051e-05
5,943 ByShard: Sharding in a Byzantine Environment 2021 VLDB 5.258941e-05
6,246 Taking Omid to the Clouds: Fast, Scalable Transactions for Real-Time Cloud Analytics 2018 VLDB 5.1340013e-05
6,255 Scalable Transactions across Heterogeneous NoSQL Key-Value Data Stores 2013 VLDB 5.1318353e-05
6,309 Long-lived Transactions Made Less Harmful 2020 SIGMOD 5.112289e-05
6,547 C5: Cloned Concurrency Control that Always Keeps Up 2023 VLDB 5.0123866e-05
6,576 Madeus: Database Live Migration Middleware under Heavy Workloads for Cloud Environment 2015 SIGMOD 4.9989222e-05
6,593 Scalable Database Logging for Multicores 2018 VLDB 4.9956546e-05
6,662 ArkDB: A Key-Value Engine for Scalable Cloud Storage Services 2021 SIGMOD 4.9661174e-05
6,725 Serializable Snapshot Isolation for Replicated Databases in High-Update Scenarios 2011 VLDB 4.9448714e-05
6,855 From Cooperative Scans to Predictive Buffer Management 2012 VLDB 4.9015429e-05
6,931 The Microsoft Repository 1997 VLDB 4.8878659e-05
7,071 Skeena: Efficient and Consistent Cross-Engine Transactions 2022 SIGMOD 4.8378766e-05
7,164 A Lightweight and Efficient Temporal Database Management System in TDSQL 2019 VLDB 4.8084771e-05
7,477 Debugging Transactions and Tracking their Provenance with Reenactment 2017 VLDB 4.7138771e-05
7,559 Transaction Scheduling: From Conflicts to Runtime Conflicts 2023 SIGMOD 4.7065517e-05
7,589 Disseminating Updates on Broadcast Disks 1996 VLDB 4.6989496e-05
7,734 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 4.6599626e-05
7,896 An Analysis of Concurrency Control Protocols for In-Memory Databases with CCBench 2020 VLDB 4.6188106e-05
7,907 Petabyte-Scale Row-Level Operations in Data Lakehouses 2024 VLDB 4.6161532e-05
8,004 Rethinking Stateful Stream Processing with RDMA 2022 SIGMOD 4.6048388e-05
8,111 Resumable Online Index Rebuild in SQL Server 2017 VLDB 4.5804259e-05
8,165 Scalable and Robust Snapshot Isolation for High-Performance Storage Engines 2023 VLDB 4.5680112e-05
8,259 Using Versions in Update Transactions: Application to Integrity Checking 1997 VLDB 4.5424179e-05
8,469 Append is Near: Log-based Data Management on ZNS SSDs 2022 CIDR 4.4993816e-05
8,486 ScalarDB: Universal Transaction Manager for Polystores 2023 VLDB 4.4955142e-05
8,517 Extending Polaris to Support Transactions 2024 SIGMOD 4.4897788e-05
8,781 Bringing Cloud-Native Storage to SAP IQ 2021 SIGMOD 4.4479873e-05
8,798 Efficient Black-box Checking of Snapshot Isolation in Databases 2023 VLDB 4.4443524e-05
8,805 Online Schema Evolution is (Almost) Free for Snapshot Databases 2023 VLDB 4.4422549e-05
8,878 ConsAD: A Real-Time Consistency Anomalies Detector 2012 SIGMOD 4.4259055e-05
9,029 Asymmetric-Partition Replication for Highly Scalable Distributed Transaction Processing in Practice 2020 VLDB 4.4003748e-05
9,237 Low-Latency Transaction Scheduling via Userspace Interrupts: Why Wait or Yield When You Can Preempt? 2025 SIGMOD 4.3648789e-05
9,459 Sharing Opportunities for OLTP Workloads in Different Isolation Levels 2020 VLDB 4.3340981e-05
9,721 NOC-NOC: Towards Performance-optimal Distributed Transactions 2024 SIGMOD 4.2918769e-05
9,744 GTX: A Write-Optimized Latch-free Graph Data System with Transactional Support 2025 SIGMOD 4.2856385e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
26 The Design Of The Postgres Storage System 1987 VLDB 0.00082350905
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