F1 – The Fault-Tolerant Distributed RDBMS Supporting Google's Ad Business
Summary: F1 is a fault-tolerant distributed RDBMS for Google's ad stack, with transparent sharding, replication, and a parallel SQL engine. It combines NoSQL scalability with RDBMS guarantees, leveraging change tracking and indexing to hide write latency and boost throughput. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Jeff Shute (Google)
- 2. Mircea Oancea (Google)
- 3. Stephan Ellner (Google)
- 4. Ben Handy (Google)
- 5. Eric Rollins (Google)
- 6. Bart Samwel (Google)
- 7. Radek Vingralek (Google)
- 8. Chad Whipkey (Google)
- 9. Xin Chen (Google)
- 10. Beat Jegerlehner (Google)
- 11. Kyle Littlefield (Google)
- 12. Phoenix Tong (Google)
BibTeX Citation
@inproceedings{shute_sigmod12,
title = {{F1 – The Fault-Tolerant Distributed RDBMS Supporting Google's Ad Business}},
author = {Shute, Jeff and Oancea, Mircea and Ellner, Stephan and Handy, Ben and Rollins, Eric and Samwel, Bart and Vingralek, Radek and Whipkey, Chad and Chen, Xin and Jegerlehner, Beat and Littlefield, Kyle and Tong, Phoenix},
series = {{SIGMOD} '12},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
doi = {10.1145/2213836.2213954},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2213836.2213954},
year = {2012}
}Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 11 of 11 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 607 | F1: A Distributed SQL Database That Scales | 2013 | VLDB | 0.00015800238 |
| 845 | Spanner: Becoming a SQL System | 2017 | SIGMOD | 0.00013660379 |
| 1,999 | On Brewing Fresh Espresso: LinkedIn’s Distributed Data Serving Platform | 2013 | SIGMOD | 9.3349118e-05 |
| 2,918 | OceanBase: A 707 Million tpmC Distributed Relational Database System | 2022 | VLDB | 7.9649716e-05 |
| 4,862 | Caribou: Intelligent Distributed Storage | 2017 | VLDB | 6.4741258e-05 |
| 8,726 | The LAW theorem: Local Reads and Linearizable Asynchronous Replication | 2025 | VLDB | 5.3766157e-05 |
| 10,055 | OceanRT: Real-Time Analytics over Large Temporal Data | 2014 | SIGMOD | 5.1685362e-05 |
| 11,683 | Real-time Data Infrastructure at Uber | 2021 | SIGMOD | 5.093636e-05 |
| 12,050 | The Challenges of Global-scale Data Management | 2016 | SIGMOD | 5.093636e-05 |
| 12,201 | Datacenters as Computers: Google Engineering & Database Research Perspectives | 2014 | VLDB | 5.093636e-05 |
| 12,290 | DAX: A Widely Distributed Multi-tenant Storage Service for DBMS Hosting | 2013 | VLDB | 5.093636e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 0 of 0 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|
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