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Bullion: A Column Store for Machine Learning

Summary: Bullion is a columnar store tailored for ML: modular cascading encodings, in‑storage feature quantization, optimized long-sequence sparse‑feature encodings, and quality‑aware sequential reads for wide-table/multimodal training. Yields lower I/O for deletion compliance, substantial storage savings on sparse features, and faster metadata parsing than existing column stores. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
553
Venue
CIDR
Year
2025
Pagerank
4.7159125e-05
Overall Rank
7,470 | 48.09%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
9,203 F3: The Open-Source Data File Format for the Future 2026 SIGMOD 4.3701616e-05
9,646 The FastLanes File Format 2025 VLDB 4.3067693e-05
9,700 Towards Functional Decomposition of Storage Formats 2025 CIDR 4.2967256e-05
10,783 Magnus: A Holistic Approach to Data Management for Large-Scale Machine Learning Workloads 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
20 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.00086163998
70 Hive - A Warehousing Solution Over a Map-Reduce Framework 2009 VLDB 0.00059744625
80 Weaving Relations for Cache Performance 2001 VLDB 0.00055735291
132 Integrating Compression and Execution in Column-Oriented Database Systems 2006 SIGMOD 0.00043697853
167 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00039408116
211 Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database 2015 VLDB 0.0003401421
310 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.0002815547
424 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.00023604384
476 Impala: A Modern, Open-Source SQL Engine for Hadoop 2015 CIDR 0.00022216002
496 Column-Stores vs. Row-Stores: How Different Are They Really? 2008 SIGMOD 0.00021705611
739 Delta Lake: High-Performance ACID Table Storage over Cloud Object Stores 2020 VLDB 0.00017365933
1,273 Amazon Redshift Re-invented 2022 SIGMOD 0.00012870386
1,356 Lakehouse: A New Generation of Open Platforms that Unify Data Warehousing and Advanced Analytics 2021 CIDR 0.00012409986
1,590 Column-oriented Database Systems 2009 VLDB 0.00011230525
1,939 Procella: Unifying serving and analytical data at YouTube 2019 VLDB 0.00010019433
2,070 Chimp: Efficient Lossless Floating Point Compression for Time Series Databases 2022 VLDB 9.6331032e-05
2,175 tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework 2021 VLDB 9.3745231e-05
2,998 Major Technical Advancements in Apache Hive 2014 SIGMOD 7.7477264e-05
3,642 BtrBlocks: Efficient Columnar Compression for Data Lakes 2023 SIGMOD 6.8876984e-05
3,838 The evolution of Amazon Redshift (extended abstract) 2021 VLDB 6.7113252e-05
4,034 Online, Asynchronous Schema Change in F1 2013 VLDB 6.5112899e-05
4,509 ALP: Adaptive Lossless floating-Point Compression 2023 SIGMOD 6.1251244e-05
4,516 An Empirical Evaluation of Columnar Storage Formats 2024 VLDB 6.1146215e-05
5,853 ByteHTAP: ByteDance’s HTAP System with High Data Freshness and Strong Data Consistency 2022 VLDB 5.2982336e-05
6,335 Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data 2007 CIDR 5.1010058e-05
6,716 Shared Foundations: Modernizing Meta's Data Lakehouse 2023 CIDR 4.9462431e-05
7,886 BullFrog: Online Schema Evolution via Lazy Evaluation 2021 SIGMOD 4.6219553e-05
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10,783 Magnus: A Holistic Approach to Data Management for Large-Scale Machine Learning Workloads 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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