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Bullion: A Column Store for Machine Learning

Summary: Bullion is a columnar store tailored for ML: modular cascading encodings, in‑storage feature quantization, optimized long-sequence sparse‑feature encodings, and quality‑aware sequential reads for wide-table/multimodal training. Yields lower I/O for deletion compliance, substantial storage savings on sparse features, and faster metadata parsing than existing column stores. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
552
Venue
CIDR
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.6559604e-05
Overall Rank
7,285 | 50.02%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{liao_cidr25,
        address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
        series = {{CIDR} '25},
        title = {{Bullion: A Column Store for Machine Learning}},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Innovative} {Data} {Systems} {Research}},
        author = {Liao, Gang and Liu, Ye and Chen, Jianjun and Abadi, Daniel J.},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
9,038 The FastLanes File Format 2025 VLDB 5.3270943e-05
9,277 F3: The Open-Source Data File Format for the Future 2026 SIGMOD 5.2937431e-05
9,836 Towards Functional Decomposition of Storage Formats 2025 CIDR 5.2110542e-05
11,006 Magnus: A Holistic Approach to Data Management for Large-Scale Machine Learning Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
12 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.00069513174
32 Hive - A Warehousing Solution Over a Map-Reduce Framework 2009 VLDB 0.00050111008
49 Weaving Relations for Cache Performance 2001 VLDB 0.00043781096
60 Integrating Compression and Execution in Column-Oriented Database Systems 2006 SIGMOD 0.0003955489
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
148 Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database 2015 VLDB 0.00029250767
186 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026182534
237 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.0002369895
330 Impala: A Modern, Open-Source SQL Engine for Hadoop 2015 CIDR 0.0002104801
345 Column-Stores vs. Row-Stores: How Different Are They Really? 2008 SIGMOD 0.00020656723
520 Delta Lake: High-Performance ACID Table Storage over Cloud Object Stores 2020 VLDB 0.00017136828
818 Amazon Redshift Re-invented 2022 SIGMOD 0.00013822916
1,138 Lakehouse: A New Generation of Open Platforms that Unify Data Warehousing and Advanced Analytics 2021 CIDR 0.00012023643
1,364 Chimp: Efficient Lossless Floating Point Compression for Time Series Databases 2022 VLDB 0.00011020069
1,395 Column-oriented Database Systems 2009 VLDB 0.00010928358
1,494 Procella: Unifying serving and analytical data at YouTube 2019 VLDB 0.00010577585
2,018 tf.data: A Machine Learning Data Processing Framework 2021 VLDB 9.3001937e-05
2,706 Major Technical Advancements in Apache Hive 2014 SIGMOD 8.2287564e-05
2,788 BtrBlocks: Efficient Columnar Compression for Data Lakes 2023 SIGMOD 8.1205155e-05
3,269 ALP: Adaptive Lossless floating-Point Compression 2023 SIGMOD 7.5809516e-05
3,484 Online, Asynchronous Schema Change in F1 2013 VLDB 7.3716387e-05
3,585 The evolution of Amazon Redshift (extended abstract) 2021 VLDB 7.2840127e-05
3,877 An Empirical Evaluation of Columnar Storage Formats 2024 VLDB 7.0532293e-05
5,155 ByteHTAP: ByteDance’s HTAP System with High Data Freshness and Strong Data Consistency 2022 VLDB 6.3420293e-05
6,047 Column Stores For Wide and Sparse Data 2007 CIDR 5.9952702e-05
6,407 Shared Foundations: Modernizing Meta's Data Lakehouse 2023 CIDR 5.8850639e-05
7,791 BullFrog: Online Schema Evolution via Lazy Evaluation 2021 SIGMOD 5.5438714e-05
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