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HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems

Summary: Height Optimized Trie (HOT) - in-memory index with per-node dynamic bit-width to maximize fanout and cache locality. Compact node layout and SIMD-accelerated search deliver superior string-key performance and smaller memory footprint vs. state-of-the-art indexes, with competitive integer-key results; a general-purpose main-memory index for DBs. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5542
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00014162909
Overall Rank
1,087 | 92.44%
DOI
10.1145/3183713.3196896

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 36 of 36 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,460 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011887068
2,369 Aria: A Fast and Practical Deterministic OLTP Database 2020 VLDB 8.9490403e-05
2,552 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5530411e-05
4,060 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 6.4836825e-05
4,084 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.4622113e-05
4,128 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4292373e-05
4,184 CoroBase: Coroutine-Oriented Main-Memory Database Engine 2021 VLDB 6.3779731e-05
5,314 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 5.5724608e-05
5,768 Epoch-based Commit and Replication in Distributed OLTP Databases 2021 VLDB 5.3333911e-05
5,835 Order-Preserving Key Compression for In-Memory Search Trees 2020 SIGMOD 5.30905e-05
5,847 Spruce: A Fast yet Space-saving Structure for Dynamic Graph Storage 2024 SIGMOD 5.302174e-05
6,229 When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories 2023 SIGMOD 5.1463389e-05
6,574 Robust Performance of Main Memory Data Structures by Configuration 2020 SIGMOD 5.0055505e-05
6,741 DEX: Scalable Range Indexing on Disaggregated Memory 2024 VLDB 4.9432931e-05
7,630 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 4.6923637e-05
7,894 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 4.6240341e-05
7,995 BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees 2023 VLDB 4.6109825e-05
8,077 Hyperion: Building the Largest In-memory Search Tree 2019 SIGMOD 4.59165e-05
8,101 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5854141e-05
8,258 Index Checkpoints for Instant Recovery in In-Memory Database Systems 2022 VLDB 4.5487249e-05
9,218 Diva: Dynamic Range Filter for Var-Length Keys and Queries 2025 VLDB 4.3702863e-05
9,362 FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage 2024 VLDB 4.3503444e-05
9,379 GIO: Generating Efficient Matrix and Frame Readers for Custom Data Formats by Example 2023 SIGMOD 4.3462787e-05
9,454 OptiQL: Robust Optimistic Locking for Memory-Optimized Indexes 2023 SIGMOD 4.3391522e-05
9,465 Disco: A Compact Index for LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.3350926e-05
9,595 High-Ratio Compression for Machine-Generated Data 2023 SIGMOD 4.3194469e-05
9,746 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 4.2897489e-05
10,038 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,257 SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,319 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,562 FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,949 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,075 LavaStore: ByteDance's Purpose-built, High-performance, Cost-effective Local Storage Engine for Cloud Services 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,229 Blink-hash: An Adaptive Hybrid Index for In-Memory Time-Series Databases 2023 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,403 DBMS Annihilator: A High-Performance Database Workload Generator in Action 2022 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,599 Dynamic Interleaving of Content and Structure for Robust Indexing of Semi-Structured Hierarchical Data 2020 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
103 Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory 2000 SIGMOD 0.00049150032
137 H-Store: A High-Performance, Distributed Main Memory Transaction Processing System 2008 VLDB 0.00042342967
343 Implementing Database Operations Using SIMD Instructions 2002 SIGMOD 0.00026768139
381 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00024873637
531 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00020790058
763 FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM 2015 SIGMOD 0.00017025851
1,169 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013536447
1,312 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012652548
2,394 Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words 2018 SIGMOD 8.9001843e-05
3,826 To Lock, Swap, or Elide: On the Interplay of Hardware Transactional Memory and Lock-Free Indexing 2015 VLDB 6.7250243e-05
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