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Non First Normal Form Relations To Represent Hierarchically Organized Data

Summary: Verso: a non‑1NF relational model allowing attributes to be nested Verso instances to represent recursive hierarchical data while preserving a simple algebraic query language and treating nest/unnest as primitive restructuring ops. Formalizes generalized hierarchical dependencies, schema equivalence/dominance and elementary restructuring transforms, and relates Verso instances to relational instances under the Universal Relation Scheme Assumption. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
698
Venue
PODS
Year
1984
Pagerank
0.00023677809
Overall Rank
422 | 97.07%
DOI
-

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 24 of 24 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
440 A Calculus for Complex Objects 1986 PODS 0.00023084404
524 A Model Of Queries For Object-Oriented Databases 1989 VLDB 0.00021083007
1,052 A Normal Form for Nested Relations 1985 PODS 0.00014436103
1,470 Processing a Trillion Cells per Mouse Click 2012 VLDB 0.00011833779
2,110 A Recursive Algebra and Query Optimization for Nested Relations 1989 SIGMOD 9.5315487e-05
2,411 G-WHIZ*, a Visual Interface for the Functional Model with Recursion 1985 VLDB 8.8758658e-05
2,468 Supporting Flat Relations by a Nested Relational Kernel 1987 VLDB 8.7416405e-05
2,561 Architecture and Implementation of the Darmstadt Database Kernel System 1987 SIGMOD 8.5400984e-05
2,744 Determining When A Structure Is A Nested Relation 1985 VLDB 8.1896577e-05
3,334 A Grammar-Based Approach Towards Unifying Hierarchical Data Models (extended abstract) 1989 SIGMOD 7.2092618e-05
3,576 Closed World Databases Opened Through Null Values 1988 VLDB 6.9506798e-05
4,599 Playful Query Specification with DataPlay 2012 VLDB 6.0583418e-05
5,160 The MR Diagram - A Model for Conceptual Database Design 1985 VLDB 5.6578245e-05
5,238 On The Expressive Power Of The Extended Relational Algebra For The Unnormalized Relational Model 1987 PODS 5.6109061e-05
5,303 The Partial Normalized Storage Model of Nested Relations 1988 VLDB 5.5779667e-05
5,873 Cooperative Object Buffer Management in the Advanced Information Management Prototype 1987 VLDB 5.2935142e-05
6,180 The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form 1987 SIGMOD 5.1686632e-05
6,555 TOWARDS DBMSs FOR SUPPORTING NEW APPLICATIONS 1986 VLDB 5.0155947e-05
6,950 Extending the Relational Algebra to Capture Complex Objects 1989 VLDB 4.8896442e-05
7,554 Storing and Querying Tree-Structured Records in Dremel 2014 VLDB 4.712434e-05
12,932 On Restructuring Nested Relations in Partitioned Normal Form 1990 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
12,994 Some Classes of Multilevel Relational Structures (Extended Abstract) 1986 PODS 4.1945683e-05
13,002 ECRINS/86 : An Extended Entity-Relationship Data Base Management System and its Semantic Query Language 1986 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
13,038 Relational Algebras, Logic, And Functional Programming 1984 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
97 Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations 1982 PODS 0.0005080702
309 The Format Model: A Theory of Database Organization (extended abstract) 1982 PODS 0.00028136165
384 Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System 1982 VLDB 0.00024797165
1,898 On Line Processing Of Compacted Relations 1982 VLDB 0.00010175799
3,461 Specifying Connections for a Universal Relation Scheme Database 1982 SIGMOD 7.0711544e-05
3,887 Characterization Of Well-Behaved Database Schemata And Their Update Semantics 1983 VLDB 6.6643563e-05
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Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
120 On The Semantics Of The Relational Data Model 1975 SIGMOD 0.00045646715
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12,994 Some Classes of Multilevel Relational Structures (Extended Abstract) 1986 PODS 4.1945683e-05
5,316 Nested Historical Relations 1989 SIGMOD 5.5720889e-05
384 Data Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System 1982 VLDB 0.00024797165
6,180 The Design of non-1NF Relational Databases into Nested Normal Form 1987 SIGMOD 5.1686632e-05
272 A DBMS Prototype to Support Extended NF2 Relations: An Integrated View on Flat Tables and Hierarchies 1986 SIGMOD 0.00029426313
1,052 A Normal Form for Nested Relations 1985 PODS 0.00014436103
6,938 Operations and the Properties on Non-First-Normal-Form Relational Databases 1983 VLDB 4.8925595e-05
97 Remarks on the Algebra of Non First Normal Form Relations 1982 PODS 0.0005080702