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SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer

Summary: SEFRQO is a self-evolving RAG-based query optimizer that fine-tunes LLMs (supervised + reinforcement) to produce performance-oriented query hints by retrieving execution-feedback. It dynamically builds prompts from similar queries and per-query execution records for continual in-context learning, cutting latency up to ~65–94% vs prior LQOs. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 11 2026)

Paper ID
7422
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.1945683e-05
Overall Rank
10,112 | 29.66%
DOI
10.1145/3769826

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Showing 22 of 22 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
71 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059038975
333 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027206884
369 Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation 2024 VLDB 0.0002547515
495 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00021767688
640 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00018759152
1,082 CAESURA: Language Models as Multi-Modal Query Planners 2024 CIDR 0.00014214232
1,407 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.00012146739
2,121 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 9.5017232e-05
2,783 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 8.1293383e-05
3,114 GPTuner: A Manual-Reading Database Tuning System via GPT-Guided Bayesian Optimization 2024 VLDB 7.5451724e-05
3,348 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 7.1904529e-05
3,727 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 6.8141709e-05
4,462 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 6.1611784e-05
4,690 Deploying a Steered Query Optimizer in Production at Microsoft 2022 SIGMOD 5.997226e-05
5,334 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 5.5649836e-05
5,423 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 5.5130233e-05
5,930 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 5.2682075e-05
6,737 Demonstrating GPT-DB: Generating Query-Specific and Customizable Code for SQL Processing with GPT-4 2023 VLDB 4.9457488e-05
7,035 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 4.8548467e-05
7,330 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 4.7609373e-05
8,052 Generating Succinct Descriptions of Database Schemata for Cost-Efficient Prompting of Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 4.5953106e-05
8,488 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 4.4998609e-05
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