The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Index For Multi-Dimensional Objects

Summary: R+-tree: dynamic index for multi-dimensional objects; variant of R-tree that eliminates internal-node overlaps to lower search cost. Algorithms for search/insert/packing/reorganization; up to 50% fewer disk accesses vs. R-tree on large rectangle sets. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 7834
Venue: VLDB
Year: 1987
Pagerank: 0.00083378538
Overall Rank: 24 | 99.84%
DOI: -

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 21 of 121 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
8,474	Adaptive Index Structures	2002	VLDB	4.5029015e-05
8,601	The Impact of Global Clustering on Spatial Database Systems	1994	VLDB	4.4875358e-05
8,886	Provenance-based Data Skipping	2022	VLDB	4.4279829e-05
8,894	Are Window Queries Representative For Arbitrary Range Queries?	1996	PODS	4.4274507e-05
9,018	On Optimal Node Splitting for R-trees	1998	VLDB	4.4091374e-05
9,116	R-Tree Based Indexing of Now-Relative Bitemporal Data	1998	VLDB	4.3928853e-05
9,143	Similarity Query Processing Using Disk Arrays	1998	SIGMOD	4.3850454e-05
9,206	Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity Search	2023	VLDB	4.373492e-05
9,601	SkyPIE: A Fast & Accurate Oracle for Object Placement	2024	SIGMOD	4.3177432e-05
9,767	Adaptive Indexing of Objects with Spatial Extent	2023	VLDB	4.2856106e-05
9,827	PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy	2023	SIGMOD	4.2751057e-05
9,853	Dynamic Update Cube for Range-Sum Queries	2001	VLDB	4.2711871e-05
10,507	SwiftSpatial: Spatial Joins on Modern Hardware	2025	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
11,905	Supporting Data Uncertainty in Array Databases	2015	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
12,034	Data-driven Neuroscience: Enabling Breakthroughs Via Innovative Data Management	2013	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
12,060	Statistics Collection in Oracle Spatial and Graph: Fast Histogram Construction for Complex Geometry Objects	2013	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
12,497	Efficient Query Processing on Unstructured Tetrahedral Meshes	2006	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
12,521	Indexing for Function Approximation	2006	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
12,564	Efficiently Processing Queries on Interval-and-Value Tuples in Relational Databases	2005	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
12,601	Efficiency-Quality Tradeoffs for Vector Score Aggregation	2004	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
12,747	Fast High-Dimensional Data Search in Incomplete Databases	1998	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
2	R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching	1984	SIGMOD	0.0032169493
5	The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes	1981	SIGMOD	0.0018397217
56	Direct Spatial Search on Pictorial Databases Using Packed R-trees	1985	SIGMOD	0.00065631356
76	Spatial Query Processing in an Object-Oriented Database System	1986	SIGMOD	0.00057303551
2,030	Analysis Of Object Oriented Spatial Access Methods	1987	SIGMOD	9.7378136e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
4,672	A General Solution of the n-dimensional B-tree Problem	1995	SIGMOD	6.0085156e-05
2,136	A Generic Approach to Bulk Loading Multidimensional Index Structures	1997	VLDB	9.4721139e-05
2,586	Segment Indexes: Dynamic Indexing Techniques for Multi-Dimensional Interval Data	1991	SIGMOD	8.4928908e-05
9,767	Adaptive Indexing of Objects with Spatial Extent	2023	VLDB	4.2856106e-05
129	The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data	1996	VLDB	0.0004429571
9,207	Rethinking Choices for Multi-dimensional Point Indexing: Making the Case for the Often Ignored Quadtree	2007	CIDR	4.3733038e-05
3,255	A Revised R*-tree in Comparison with Related Index Structures	2009	SIGMOD	7.3160522e-05
6	The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles	1990	SIGMOD	0.0016162015
2	R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching	1984	SIGMOD	0.0032169493
2,030	Analysis Of Object Oriented Spatial Access Methods	1987	SIGMOD	9.7378136e-05