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The Buddy-Tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Spatial Data Base Systems

Summary: Introduces the buddy-tree, a dynamic multidimensional access method for point and spatial data that partitions only occupied space via a flexible buddy-based directory. Linear directory growth, no overflow pages, MBRS partitioning, and single-path insert/delete yield order-insensitive performance against R-tree/grid-file rivals. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
7975
Venue
VLDB
Year
1990
Pagerank
0.00016088938
Overall Rank
838 | 94.18%
DOI
-

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
129 The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data 1996 VLDB 0.0004429571
231 A Retrieval Technique for Similar Shapes 1991 SIGMOD 0.00032163466
1,172 Processing Queries By Linear Constraints 1997 PODS 0.00013505441
1,479 Towards an Analysis of Range Query Performance in Spatial Data Structures 1993 PODS 0.00011749057
1,631 Incremental Distance Join Algorithms for Spatial Databases 1998 SIGMOD 0.00011078269
2,136 A Generic Approach to Bulk Loading Multidimensional Index Structures 1997 VLDB 9.4721139e-05
4,672 A General Solution of the n-dimensional B-tree Problem 1995 SIGMOD 6.0085156e-05
4,683 ST2B-tree: A Self-Tunable Spatio-Temporal B+-tree Index for Moving Objects 2008 SIGMOD 6.0010961e-05
4,915 Optimization and Evaluation of Database Queries Including Embedded Interpolation Procedures 1991 SIGMOD 5.831406e-05
5,098 Multi-Disk B-trees 1991 SIGMOD 5.7007294e-05
5,101 Semantic Queries with Pictures: The VIMSYS Model 1991 VLDB 5.6995265e-05
6,474 Indexing Multiple Sets 1994 VLDB 5.0500524e-05
6,480 Efficient Search of Multidimensional B-Trees 1995 VLDB 5.0475112e-05
8,601 The Impact of Global Clustering on Spatial Database Systems 1994 VLDB 4.4875358e-05
8,894 Are Window Queries Representative For Arbitrary Range Queries? 1996 PODS 4.4274507e-05
12,651 A One-Pass Aggregation Algorithm with the Optimal Buffer Size in Multidimensional OLAP 2002 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
12,672 Analyzing Energy Behavior of Spatial Access Methods for Memory-Resident Data 2001 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
12,775 A Region Splitting Strategy for Physical Database Design of Multidimensional File Organizations 1997 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0032169493
5 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.0018397217
6 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0016162015
216 A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching 1984 PODS 0.00033542705
255 Interpolation-Based Index Maintenance 1983 PODS 0.00030498284
1,008 The BANG file: a new kind of grid file 1987 SIGMOD 0.00014666726
2,030 Analysis Of Object Oriented Spatial Access Methods 1987 SIGMOD 9.7378136e-05
2,305 A Predicate Matching Algorithm for Database Rule Systems 1990 SIGMOD 9.062692e-05
4,286 Balanced Multidimensional Extendible Hash Tree 1986 PODS 6.2898839e-05
5,021 Twin Grid Files: Space Optimizing Access Schemes 1988 SIGMOD 5.7548311e-05
5,146 The Interpolation-Based Grid File 1985 PODS 5.6644798e-05
5,363 A Mapping Function for the Directory of a Multidimensional Extendible Hashing 1984 VLDB 5.5471634e-05
14,282 Performance Comparison Of Index Structures For Multi-Key Retrieval 1984 SIGMOD -
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,480 Efficient Search of Multidimensional B-Trees 1995 VLDB 5.0475112e-05
4,742 Efficient Spatial Access To A Data Base 1982 SIGMOD 5.9588592e-05
4,672 A General Solution of the n-dimensional B-tree Problem 1995 SIGMOD 6.0085156e-05
4,612 Filter Trees for Managing Spatial Data Over a Range of Size Granularities 1996 VLDB 6.0484423e-05
9,767 Adaptive Indexing of Objects with Spatial Extent 2023 VLDB 4.2856106e-05
6,571 Techniques for Design and Implementation of Efficient Spatial Access Methods 1988 VLDB 5.0061936e-05
2,144 The LSD tree: spatial access to multidimensional point and non-point objects 1989 VLDB 9.4416732e-05
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0032169493
6 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0016162015
1,945 Multidimensional Access Methods: Trees Have Grown Everywhere 1997 VLDB 0.00010001003